时间___

“机不可失，时不再来”指的是___

是 ___

在客观规律面前，人的主观能动性表现在___

事物的联系和运动之间的关系___

唯物辩证法的总特征是___

___

“割下来的手就不再是人手”这句话体现了___

唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___

区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___

质量互变规律揭示了___

质和事物的存在是___

在实际工作中，要注意掌握分寸，防止“过”或“不及”，其关键在于___

区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___

量变的复杂性是指___

量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___

量变中的局部性部分质变是___

揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___

“肯定和否定相互渗透，在一定意义上，肯定就是否定。”这是一种___

事物的否定方面是指___

作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___

辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___

否定之否定规律___

事物发展的周期性体现了___

直线论的错误在于只看到___

循环论的错误在于___

对立统一规律揭示了___

唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___

辩证法所说的矛盾是指___

矛盾的基本属性是___

依据是___

矛盾问题的精髓是___

题的方法都是___

“任何个别（无论怎样）都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___

在唯物辩证法看来，水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___

“是就是是，不是就是不是，除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___

真象和假象的区别在于___

有的哲学家说，在大风扬起的尘土中，每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___

“或然率”是指___

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___

16V240ZJB型柴油机排气门的冷态气门间隙为___+0.06mm。

燃油在气缸内燃烧不充分是由于喷油器___所造成。

柴油机加载时大幅度悠车，是由于增、减载针阀___所致。

如联合调节器补偿针阀开度过大，使反馈系统作用不良，易引起柴油机___。

柴油机转速试验时，柴油机转速从1000r／min降到430r／min的时间为___。

东风4B型机车柴油机最低稳定工作转速___。

东风4B型内燃机车的冷却水的装载量为___。

当柴油机转速为430r／rain时，操纵台机油压力表显示不小于___。

柴油机工作时，燃油泵出口压力应为___。

柴油机工作时，机油滤清器前后压力差不大于___。

造成柴油机工作粗暴，发生敲缸的原因，是由于喷油提前角___造成的。

当柴油机转速为1000r／min时，司机操纵台机油压力表，显示机油总管压力不小于___。

柴油机启动时，当进入油压继电器的油压达___kPa时，油压继电器触头吸合，DLS接通，联合调节器恢复正常工作。

启动滑油泵电机熔断器3RD的容量为：___。

机车上自动开关(DZ)的作用是： ___。

DJ置接地位时，DJ的一端是与共阳极元件联接，DJ能否工作，完全取决于DJ线圈两端___是否足够大。

蓄电池严重亏电启动柴油机后，应使用___，以略高于蓄电池端电压的电压向蓄电池充电，以利于提高蓄电池的容量。

___是导致无级调速机车柴油机转速失控的原因之一。

闭合5K，QD电压显示110V、XDC充放电电流表显示放电的原因是___。

当柴油机曲轴箱压力达到___Pa时，差示压力计CS的两个触针被盐水导通，使4ZJ得电动作。

蓄电池严重亏电启动柴油机，可根据柴油机发火顺序甩掉___缸后进行启机。

电阻制动控制箱在“故障”位，当机车速度为80km／h时，制动电流不准超过___。

在充电电阻RC两端并联过压保护电路，保证辅助发电机电压过高或充电电流超过___时，自动转入固定发电工况。

主电路的接地保护工作原理是：当DJ线圈流过的电流达到0．5A时动作，其常闭触点断开切断___线圈电路，柴油机卸载。

东风4B型无级调速的机车柴油机转速在848r／min时电阻制动时的最大励磁电流为___左右。

运行中蓄电池放电的原因之一是启动发电机熔断器___烧损。

磁场削弱电阻过热烧损的主要原因是某牵引电动机___连线断路。

运行中，启动发电机电压突降为零的原因之一为自动开关___跳开。

使用接地开关DK及故障开关GK，均无法排除DJ动作的原因之一是___。

使用电阻制动时，如励磁电流过大超过___A时，为励磁电流传感器故障。

2RD、3RD熔断后，需更换___A的熔断片。

JZ-7型空气制动机非操纵端自阀手把误放运转位时，当操纵端自阀施行制动时，操纵端中继阀排风口___。

JZ-7型空气制动机工作风缸充气止回阀胶垫不平整，阀口有损伤，有异物时，将工作风缸压力空气漏入___为内漏。

JZ-7型空气制动机客货车转换阀置于货车位，自阀手把制动区．过减位，取柄位制动管都不能保压时，为___泄漏。

JZ-7型空气制动机自阀制动，机车制动缸压力不能按比例上升，且不能保压，工作风缸指示压力下降，为___泄漏。

JZ-7空气制动机常用限压阀是当常用制动时，限制作用风缸压力不超过___。（条件：列车制动管定压500kPa时，）

JZ-7型空气制动机自阀制动后，工作风缸压力正常，机车制动缸压力逐渐增高，为___泄漏。

JZ-7型空气制动机客货车转换阀置于货车位，制动后保压良好，但降压快，自阀手把前2位增压缓慢时，为___及管路泄漏。

JZ-7型空气制动机使用自阀操纵，机车制动、缓解不良，但使用单阀操纵正常时，为___故障。

NPT5型空气压缩机泵风压力由0升到900kPa时，两组所需时间不得超过___min。