“机不可失，时不再来”指的是___

是 ___

在客观规律面前，人的主观能动性表现在___

事物的联系和运动之间的关系___

唯物辩证法的总特征是___

___

“割下来的手就不再是人手”这句话体现了___

唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___

区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___

质量互变规律揭示了___

质和事物的存在是___

在实际工作中，要注意掌握分寸，防止“过”或“不及”，其关键在于___

区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___

量变的复杂性是指___

量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___

量变中的局部性部分质变是___

揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___

“肯定和否定相互渗透，在一定意义上，肯定就是否定。”这是一种___

事物的否定方面是指___

作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___

辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___

否定之否定规律___

事物发展的周期性体现了___

直线论的错误在于只看到___

循环论的错误在于___

对立统一规律揭示了___

唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___

辩证法所说的矛盾是指___

矛盾的基本属性是___

依据是___

矛盾问题的精髓是___

题的方法都是___

“任何个别（无论怎样）都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___

在唯物辩证法看来，水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___

“是就是是，不是就是不是，除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___

真象和假象的区别在于___

有的哲学家说，在大风扬起的尘土中，每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___

“或然率”是指___

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___

有限空间作业必须保证人员到位，作业现场负责人可由当班干部或工长担任，须认真检查确认作业工具和设备，作业人员防护用品穿戴，身体状况是否满足作业要求。 ___

有限空间作业前，作业现场应保持有限空间出入口畅通，设置明显的安全警示标志，作业前清点人员和工具，监护人员，作业人员要规范佩戴和使用劳动保护用品。 ___

从停留车辆的端部搬运材料、工具横越时，留有的安全距离不少于（ ）米。 ___

氧气瓶与乙炔瓶距明火应在 ( )米以上。 ___

凡超过2米高的各种脚手架、走台、扶梯等，应设有牢固的防护栏杆，其高度不低于( ) 米。 ___

移动照明灯应装有防护罩，电压不得超过（ ）V。 ___

易燃、易爆的作业场所、危险品库等处的照明灯，需装（ ）装置。 ___

速度过160km/h以上至200km/h列车通过站台时，站台安全线与站台连缘距离为（ ）米。 ___

一切电动机械、工具，其电压在（ ）伏以上的，都要采取保护性接地或接零措施。 ___

使用手提式风钻、电钻作业时，钻孔高度不得超过工作者（ ）。 ___

检修车辆时，使用脱轨器，前后两端防护距离不得少于 （ ）米。 ___

电气化区段携带的任何物件与接触网设备的带电部分应保持 （ ）米以上。 ___

从停留车辆的端部横过线路时；徒手不少于3米，搬运材料、工具时不少于（ ）米。 ___

电气化铁路所使用的接触网额定工作电压为 （ ）KV。 ___

严禁扒乘机车 （ ），以车代步。 ___

铁路职工违反规章制度，致使发生铁路运营安全事故，造成严重后果的，处 （ ）年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；造成特别严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。 ___

接触网导线折断、下垂搭在车辆上或其他物品与接触网接触时，任何人员不得进行处理，应保持 （ ）米以上距离。 ___

轨边作业时，工具、材料、配件的堆放，必须与电气化有关设备隔开 （ ）米以上的距离。 ___

汽车通过铁路平交道时，其装载高度不得超过4.2米和触动道口限界门的活动横板或吊链。严禁在装载高度超过 （ ） 米以上的货物上坐人。 ___

三级（段、车间、班组）安全教育的时间合计不得少于 （ ）课时。 ___

一切电动机械、工具，其电压在 （ ）伏以上的，都要采取保护性接地或接零措施。 ___

使用手提式风钻、电钻作业时，钻孔高度不得超过工作者 （ ）。 ___

移动照明灯应装有防护罩，电压不得超过 （ ） V。 ___

用水浇灭距离接触网 （ ）米以外的燃着物时，接触网可以不停电，但水流向接触网带电部分应保持2米的安全距离。 ___

氧气瓶与乙炔瓶之间应留有 （ ）米以上的安全距离。 ___

机械搬运车在段内行驶时，其最高速度不应超过 （ ）公里/小时。 ___

接触网额定电压是 （ ） 。 ___

高压是指正确地电压在（ ）。 ___

低压是指正确地电压在 （ ）。 ___

接触网断线时，在未接地线前，任何人不得进入 （ )范围内。 ___

设备在安装，工具、材料、配件的堆放，必须与电气化有关设备隔开 ( )米以上距离。 ___

人体安全电压应小于 ( ) 。 ___

通过人体安全电流是 ( ) 。 ___

电气化铁路是由 ( )组成。 ___

用沙土扑灭距接触网带电部份 ( )以内的燃着物时，接触网必须停电。 ___

人体电阻一般在 ( )之间。 ___

我国在某些特殊场合规定 ( )V为安全电压。 ___

汽车通过平交道口时，货物载高度（从地面算起）不得超过 ( )米。 ___

在接触网支柱及接触网带电部分 ( )米范围内的金属结构上均需装设接地线。 ___

二氧化碳（干粉）灭火器适用扑灭 ( )V以下的各种电器火灾。 ___