【简答题】
汽年自从发明以来使交通运输发生了草命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另ー方面，也带来了危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用，有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如，装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样，传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。
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【简答题】
常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。
我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。
【简答题】
全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如，年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说，英语变得越来越重要。另一方面，许多海外学子近年来回归祖国，因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流，模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德，更不要说发扬光大，这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。
【简答题】
就我来说，我发现外表往往是靠不住的。譬如，要是你仅凭外表去判断诸如爱德华・海德・伯顿这样的人，你就错了。外表上，伯顿像是个表里一致的人。他个子很小，满头白发，有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛，文雅且坦率。然而，他原来却是十分的残忍。他侮辱和愚弄穷困潦倒的伦尼，让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是，他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问，他是个铁石心肠的家伙。
【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
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袋装水泥在运输和储存时为防止受潮，堆垛高度不应超过5袋
【判断题】
涵洞项面填土压实厚度大于50cm时，方可通过重型机械和汽车
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水泥如受潮或存放时间超过3个月，应重新取样检验，并按其复检结果使用
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路堤高度小于2m时，吹沙路堤可以一次吹填
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细粒式和中粒式沥青混凝土的抗疲劳特性优于粗粒式沥青混凝土
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运至铺筑现场的沥青混合料应在当天或当班完成压实
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挡土墙泄水孔进口处的反滤层应选用不透水材料
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盖板涵沉降缝的设置应从基础一直延伸到板顶顶部
【判断题】
拱桥的施工，从方法上大体可分为有支架施工和无支架施工两大类
【判断题】
后张法预应力张拉作业应在混凝土达到设计强度后，方能进行
【判断题】
设计洪水位是指在进行桥涵设计时，按照一定的设计洪水频率所计算出的水位
【判断题】
有效氧化钙与氧化镁含量是判定石灰质量的主要指标
【判断题】
钢筋混凝土管片间的连接紧固件的连接形式及其机械性能等级，应满足构造和结构受力要求，且表面应进行防腐蚀处理
【判断题】
地下结构设计应以“结构为功能服务”为原则，满足城市规划、行车运营、环境保护、抗震、防水、防火、防护、防腐蚀及施工等要求，并应做到结构安全、耐久、技术先进、经济合理
【判断题】
使用期间可以更换且不影响运营的次要结构构件，可按设计使用年限50年的要求进行耐久性设计
【判断题】
注浆材料宜采用对地下环境无污染及后期收缩小的材料
【判断题】
对环境保护要求高或平面尺寸大的地下结构，宜采用盖挖逆作法（包括半盖挖逆作法)施工，不可采用暗挖法或明暗挖结合的方法施工
【判断题】
洞内潮湿环境指环境相对湿度为45%-80%
【判断题】
衬砌厚度应根据隧道直径、埋深、工程地质及水文地质条件，使用阶段及施工阶段的荷载情况等确定。衬砌厚度宜为隧道外轮廓直径的0.030倍
【判断题】
在车站结构与出入口通道、风道等附属结构的结合部宜设置变形缝
【判断题】
应采取可靠措施，确保变形缝两边的结构不产生影响行车安全和正常使用的差异沉降
【判断题】
设计阶段除应分析工程建设期间的安全风险因素外，无需分析地下工程建成投人使用后可能面临的各种风险
【判断题】
当新建结构需穿越（含上穿和下穿)重要的既有地下结构设施时，应比选地下结构和工法方案，分析可能的风险
【判断题】
攀登作业是指：借助建筑结构或脚手架上的登高设施或采用梯子或其他登高设施在攀登条件下进行的高处作业
【判断题】
攀登作业是指：在施工现场的上下不同层次，于空间贯通状态下同时进行的高处作业
【判断题】
作业人员必须正确使用安全帽，调好帽箍，系好安全带，低挂高用
【判断题】
施工前，应逐级进行安全技术教育交底，落实所有安全技术措施和个人防护用品，未经落实时不得进行施工
【判断题】
悬空、攀登高处作业已经搭设高处安全设施的人员必须按照国家有关规定经过专门的安全作业培训，在取得特种作业操作资格证书前，即可上岗作业
【判断题】
高处作业人员应头戴安全帽，身穿紧口工作服，脚穿防滑鞋，腰系安全带
【判断题】
所有安全防护设施和安全标志灯。任何人都不得损坏或擅自移动和拆除。因作业必须临时拆除或变动安全防护设施、安全标志时，必须经有关施工负责人同意，并采取相应的可靠措施，作业完毕后立即恢复
【判断题】
对于洞口作业，可根据具体情况采取设防护栏杆、加盖板、张挂安全网与装栅门等措施
【判断题】
有严重锈蚀、弯曲、压弯成裂纹的钢管脚手架可以继续使用
【判断题】
木脚手立杆有效部分的小头直径不得大于70mm
【判断题】
脚手板非作业层不铺板时，小横杆可部分拆除，要求每步保留，相间抽拆，上下两步错开
【判断题】
抽拆后小横杆的距离为：结构架子不大于1.5cm，装修架子不大于3m
【判断题】
高度10～20m的脚手架搭设前应有措施和交底
【判断题】
结构用的里外沉重脚手架，使用时荷载不得超过2646N
