【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
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1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
相关试题
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
【单选题】
啮齿动物的臼齿常具有_____。___
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【单选题】
ZYJ7-220/1800电液转辙机额定电压为AC ___ 。
A. 160V
B. 170V
C. 220V
D. 380V
【单选题】
ZYJ7-220/1800电液转辙机工作电流不大于 ___ 。
A. 1A
B. 1.8A
C. 2A
D. 2.5A
【单选题】
ZYJ7-220/1800电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___。
A. 8s
B. 12.5s
C. 17.5s
D. 24s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-220/1800电液转辙机单线电阻不大于 ___ 。
A. 30Ω
B. 45Ω
C. 54Ω
D. 58Ω
【单选题】
ZYJ7-A220/1800电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___ 。
A. 8s
B. 9s
C. 17.5s
D. 24s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-B220/1800电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___ 。
A. 8.5s
B. 9s
C. 17.5s
D. 24s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-E180/1800电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___ 。
A. 3.8s
B. 5.5s
C. 7.5s
D. 9s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-F180/4000电液转辙机额定转换力为 ___。
A. 3kN
B. 4kN
C. 5kN
D. 6kN
【单选题】
ZYJ7-F180/4000电液转辙机动作时间不大于___ 。
A. 3.8s
B. 6s
C. 7.5s
D. 9s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-G220/1800电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___ 。
A. 3.8s
B. 6s
C. 7.5s
D. 10.5s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-J170/4000电液转辙机动作时间不大于 ___ 。
A. 3.8s
B. 6s
C. 7.5s
D. 10.5s
【单选题】
ZYJ7-K130/4000电液转辙机动作时间不大于___ 。
A. 3.8s
B. 5s
C. 7.5s
D. 10.5s
【单选题】
为了使PNP型晶体三极管工作于饱和区，必须保证 ___ 。
A. 发射极正偏，集电极正偏
B. 发射极正偏，集电极反偏
C. 发射极正偏，集电极零偏
D. 发射极反偏，集电极正偏
【单选题】
调度集中区段，车站应设集中联锁，区间应设 ___。
A. 自动闭塞
B. 半自动闭塞
C. 自动站闭塞
D. 自动闭塞或自动站闭塞
【单选题】
调度集中原则上应将同一调度区段内、同一联锁控制范围内所有车站 车场、线路所. 的 ___设备纳入控制范围。
A. 信号
B. 非集中联锁
C. 联锁
D. 信号、联锁、闭塞
【单选题】
对违反《中华人民共和国环境保护法》规定，造成重大环境污染事故，导致公私财产重大损失或者人身伤亡的严重后果的，对直接责任人员 ___ 。
A. 批评教育
B. 赔偿经济损失
C. 拘留
D. 追究刑事责任
【单选题】
发现危及从业人员生命安全的情况时， ___有权向生产经营单位建议，组织从业人员撤离危险场所，生产经营单位必须立即做出处理。
A. 安全生产监督管理部门
B. 工会
C. 劳工组织
D. 工人代表
【单选题】
重大危险源是指长期地或者临时地生产、搬运、使用或者储存危险物品，且危险物品的数量等于或者超过临界量的 ___。
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定，从业人员发现事故隐患或者其他不安全因素，应当 ___ 向现场安全生产管理人员或者本单位负责人报告。
A. 在8h内
B. 在4h内
C. 在1h内
D. 立即
【单选题】
对生产经营单位违反安全生产法律、法规、侵犯从业人员合法权益的行为，___有权要求纠正。
A. 安全生产监督管理部门
B. 工会
C. 劳工组织
D. 工人代表
【单选题】
调度集中系统应在列车调度指挥系统基础上构建，由 ___两极构成。
A. 电务段、车间
B. 铁路局、车站
C. 铁路局、电务段
D. 铁道部、铁路局
【单选题】
国家对严重危及生产安全的工艺、设备实行___制度。
A. 改进
B. 淘汰
C. 保留
D. 限范围使用
【单选题】
生产安全事故的 ___是保证生产安全事故应急救援工作顺利实施的组织保障。
A. 应急救援体系
B. 应急救援信息系统
C. 应急救援组织
D. 应急救援制度
【单选题】
生产经营单位发生生产安全事故后，事故现场有关人员应当立即报告 ___。
A. 本单位负责人
B. 当地政府安全部门
C. 所在行业安全负责人
D. 当地消防部门
【单选题】
《铁路运输安全保护条例》自 ___起施行。
A. 2004年12月1日
B. 2005年3月1日
C. 2005年4月1日
D. 2005年8月15日
【单选题】
安全生产事故调查和处理的具体办法由 ___ 制定。
A. 国务院
B. 地方政府
C. 安全生产监督管理部门
D. 应急救援组织
【单选题】
从事特种作业的人员，未取得特种作业操作资格证书而上岗作业，依《安全生产法》规定，应由行政执法机关责令限期改正，逾期未改正的，应 ___ 。
A. 责令停产停业整顿
B. 处2万元以下的罚款
C. 责令停产停业整顿，并可以并处2万元以下的罚款
D. 责令停产停业整顿，并可以并处2万元以上5万元以下的罚款
【单选题】
为从业人员提供的劳动保护用品 ___ ，是保证从业人员的安全所必需的。
A. 必须齐全
B. 具有防辐射功能
C. 必须符合行业标准
D. 必须符合国家标准
【单选题】
《安全生产法》立法的目的是为了加强安全生产监督管理，防止和减少 ___ ,保障人民群众生命和财产安全，促进经济发展。
A. 生产安全事故
B. 火灾、交通事故
C. 重大、特大事故
D. 一般事故
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定的安全生产管理方针是___ 。
A. 安全第一、预防为主
B. 安全为了生产，生产必须安全
C. 安全生产人人有责
D. 安全重于泰山
【单选题】
安全生产责任制要在 ___上下真功夫，这是关键的关键。
A. 健全、完善
B. 分工明确
C. 贯彻落实
D. 岗位负责
【单选题】
《中华人民共和国铁路法》规定对在铁路线路两侧 ___以内或者铁路防护林地内放牧的，铁路职工有权制止。
A. 10m
B. 20m
C. 30m
D. 40m
【单选题】
电务在挖坑、沟作业短时间无法作业完毕时，坑、沟一般不能 ___。
A. 过夜
B. 超过2天
C. 超过3天
D. 超过5天.
【单选题】
事故发生后，因发生单位未如实 ___ ，导致不能查明事故原因和判定责任的，定发生单位责任。
A. 提供情况
B. 组织行车
C. 组织施工
D. 组织检修
【单选题】
事故涉及两个以上单位管理的相关设备，设备质量均未超过临修或技术限度时，按事故 ___进行推断，确定责任单位。
A. 因果关系
B. 发生时间
C. 持续时间
D. 组织抢险
【单选题】
事故调查组未及时通知有关单位接受事故调查，不得定有关单位责任，有关单位接到通知后，应派员而未派员接受事故调查的，事故调查组 ___定责。
A. 免予直接
B. 不再直接
C. 可以直接
D. 无法直接
【单选题】
设备故障发生单位隐瞒或查不清原因的，定该单位责任，协同隐瞒的单位追究___
A. 同等责任
B. 主要责任
C. 全部责任
D. 重要责任
【单选题】
电务部门应加强安全基础建设，强化专业技术管理，严格执行规章制度、技术标准和操作规程，认真落实 ___ 作业程序，保证行车、设备及人身安全。
A. 标准化
B. 计算机
C. 自动控制
D. 行车作业
【单选题】
结合部管理是信号维护工作的重要内容，直接影响着信号设备的 ___ 。
A. 登记质量
B. 消记质量
C. 运用质量
D. 测试质量
【单选题】
信号设备、器材实行寿命管理，已达到寿命期的信号设备和器材不得继续使用，主要设备和器材实行 ___ 集中销毁制度。
A. 统一销售
B. 统一回收
C. 统一转运
D. 统一分配
