【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
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1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
相关试题
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
【单选题】
啮齿动物的臼齿常具有_____。___
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【多选题】
接闪器的基本形式有___。
A. 避雷针
B. 避雷带
C. 避雷网
D. 笼网
【多选题】
消除静电危害的基本对策有___。
A. 从改进工艺着手尽量少产生静电
B. 利用屏蔽的方法减少静电积累
C. 利用泄露导走的方法迅速排除静电
D. 改变生产环境，减少易燃易爆物的泄放
【多选题】
地铁发生火灾时，通信系统容易瘫痪，主要由于___对通信器材的影响。
【多选题】
地铁发生火灾时救援难度大主要因为___。
A. 地下空间较大，救援人数有限
B. 浓烟使得救援人员无法准确确定起火点
C. 救援人员无法长时间在地下进行救援工作
D. 地下空间相对封闭，给救援人员开展救援战术配合造成困难
【多选题】
地铁发生火灾时，疏散困难主要因为___。
A. 产生的高温热气浪使得人员难以逃离
B. 浓烟使得应急照明系统的效果大打折扣
C. 产生的浓烟对人的眼睛、喉咙、气管有刺激，影响人员疏散
D. 烟气与新鲜空气在出入口冲撞，使得车站内没有充足的新鲜空气补充
【多选题】
引发城市轨道交通火灾的主要原因有___。
A. 列车材料
B. 管理方面
C. 人的行为
D. 环境
【多选题】
火灾按着火可燃物类别可分为___。
A. 固体可燃物火灾
B. 电气火灾
C. 可燃气体火灾
D. 金属火灾
E. 可燃气体火灾
【多选题】
消火栓由___组成。
A. 消防软管卷盘
B. 水带
C. 喷射软管
D. 水枪
【多选题】
火灾自动报警设备由___组成。
A. 灭火装置
B. 区域报警器
C. 自动报警器
D. 火灾探测器
【多选题】
发生火灾时，要掌握哪些逃生本领___。
A. 镇定情绪，时刻保持清醒头脑
B. 防烟熏
C. 楼房底层着火，住上层的人自然只能从楼梯跑
D. 用绳或用撕开的被单连接起来，将其固定在物体上，使人向楼下逃至无火的楼层或地面
E. 如果楼梯被大火封住，应立即跑到屋顶通过另一单元的楼梯出来，也可从阳台抱住水管或利用竹竿下滑逃生
【多选题】
下列根据电能的不同作用形式属于电气事故的分类的是___。
A. 电气系统故障危害事故
B. 电磁场危害
C. 雷电灾害事故
D. 电击
【多选题】
以下属于用电安全的基础要素的是___。
A. 电气绝缘
B. 安全距离
C. 电流
D. 标志
【多选题】
电气绝缘的性能是否良好，可通过测量哪些参数来衡量？___
A. 绝缘电阻
B. 泄漏电流
C. 耐压强度
D. 电阻
【多选题】
以下属于保持安全距离的是___
A. 带电体与地面之间
B. 带电体与带电体之间
C. 带电体与人体之间
D. 带电体与其他设施和设备之间
【多选题】
易产生过电压的电力系统应该装有哪些电压保护装置？___
A. 避雷针
B. 避雷器
C. 避雷管
D. 保护间隙
【多选题】
以下属于触电事故的类型的是___
A. 电击
B. 两相触电
C. 电伤
D. 单相触电
【多选题】
以下属于电击事故的___
A. 单相触电
B. 两相触电
C. 电伤
D. 跨步电压触电
【多选题】
以下属于触电事故的防护措施的是___
A. 绝缘
B. 屏护与安全间距
C. 保护开关
D. 漏电保护
【多选题】
以下属于静电消除器的种类的是___
A. 自感应式
B. 外接电源式
C. 放射线式
D. 内接电源式
【多选题】
以下哪些是会引起火灾和爆炸的是___
A. 直击雷放电
B. 感应雷放电
C. 二次放电
D. 雷电流的热量
【多选题】
以下属于信号系统的是___
A. 电气集中设备
B. 数字电话交换系统
C. 列车自动防护系统
D. 闭路电视监控系统
【多选题】
以下属于安全门的是___
A. 全高非封闭屏蔽门
B. 半高屏蔽门
C. 全高封闭屏蔽门
D. 全高屏蔽门
【多选题】
以下是屏蔽门（安全门）控制方式的是___
A. 由就地控制盘(PSL)对屏蔽门进行开关控制
B. 通过综合监控后备盘(IBP)对屏蔽门进行开关控制
C. 徒手打开
D. 通过就地控制盒(LCB)对屏蔽门进行开关控制
【多选题】
城市轨道交通车站主要使用的灭火器有___
A. 手提式干粉灭火器
B. 手提式二氧化碳灭火器
C. 手提式卤代烷灭火器
D. 手提式泡沫灭火器
【多选题】
按照充装的灭火剂主要有___
A. 干粉灭火器
B. 泡沫灭火器
C. 卤代烷灭火器
D. 二氧化碳灭火器
【多选题】
以不属于火灾的特点的是___
A. 疏散困难
B. 救援难度大
C. 通信系统容易瘫痪
D. 湿度大
【多选题】
以下是引发火灾的原因的是___
A. 管理方面
B. 列车材料的因素
C. 人的因素
D. 设备因素
【多选题】
暑假大客流主要由___乘客构成。
A. 购物休闲
B. 放暑假的学生
C. 旅游观光
D. 返乡探亲
【多选题】
下列属于突发社会安全事件的有 ___。
A. 突发性大客流
B. 放射性物质扩散
C. 火灾
D. 重大刑事案件
E. 强台风
F. 恶性传染病疫情
【多选题】
大型活动大客流的特点有___。
A. 在特定时间段客流会显著增加
B. 大客流发生的时间和规模大多可预见
C. 持续时间较长
D. 影响范围有限
【多选题】
下列突发事件处理原则正确的有___
A. 坚持高度集中、统一指挥、逐级负责的原则
B. 坚持“先救人，后救物；先局部，后全面”的原则
C. 车站员工执行紧急疏散程序时，应使用统一代号
D. 在突发事件应急处理过程中，以救人为主可不兼顾现场的保护工作
E. 坚持就近处理的原则
F. 员工在应急事件处理时，坚持对外宣传归口管理原则
【多选题】
暴雨天巡视车站出入口，主要检查___
A. 车站出入口防洪卷帘门状态是否良好
B. 车站出入口是否有大量乘客滞留
C. 出入口外的排水设施是否畅通
D. 出入口外是否有严重积水或积水上涨较快
【多选题】
车站发生火灾时，首先要保障___安全。
A. 乘客人身安全
B. 作业环境
C. 重点设备
D. 员工人身安全
【多选题】
突发事件可能造成的后果有___。
A. 严重影响地铁运营生产
B. 导致企业财产严重损失
C. 事态发展可能或已经导致人员伤亡
D. 需要依靠外部支援进行处理
【多选题】
下列哪些属于可预见性大客流发生前客运设备设施的准备___。
A. 售检票设备的准备
B. 车票和零钞的准备
C. 临时售票亭的准备
D. 自动扶梯和垂直电梯的准备
E. 临时导向标志和隔离设备的准备
【多选题】
车站火灾还可以分为___。
A. 站台火灾
B. 站厅火灾
C. 列车火灾
D. 设备区火灾
【多选题】
节假日客流主要由___乘客构成。
A. 购物休闲
B. 通勤
C. 旅游观光
D. 返乡探亲
【多选题】
发生大风后，重新开放关闭的车站时，当值值班站长应在开站前对车站的___进行系统检查，确认符合运行要求后，方可宣布重新开站。
A. 行车设备
B. 应急设备
C. 客运设施
D. 维修设备
【多选题】
发生暴雪时，车站应在哪些地方铺设防滑垫___
A. 出入口
B. 上下车处
C. 通道处
D. 楼梯口
【多选题】
发生暴雪时，应重点监护地面或高架车站的哪些区域___
A. 车站顶棚
B. 站台
C. 出入口
D. 站厅
