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【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
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答案
到了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。可是,俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撤。拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。是继续追击俄国军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天?
解析
暂无解析
相关试题
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在24h内不能到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送,如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的,应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病,其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
A. 锥蝽
B. 白蛉
C. 蠓
D. 蚋
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本,现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测,取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行,锚位距陆地距离不少于______,或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m;1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中,在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的,国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人,必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告,迅速查明原因,实施卫生处理。___
A. 蚊类
B. 鼠类
C. 蝇类
D. 蜚蠊
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度,应连续布放______。___
A. 2天
B. 3天
C. 4天
D. 5天
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时,滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
【单选题】
啮齿动物的臼齿常具有_____。___
A. 1对
B. 2对
C. 3对
D. 4对
【单选题】
______是仓鼠科特征。___
A. 背部有背囊
B. 尾部有尾囊
C. 口中两侧有颊囊
D. 腹部腹面有腹囊
【单选题】
_______蜱类假头基通常为矩形。___
A. 花蜱属
B. 璃眼蜱属
C. 扇头蜱属
D. 异扇头蜱属
推荐试题
【单选题】
乙醇拭浴时,热水袋放置足底的作用是___
A. 保暖
B. 防止体温骤降
C. 促进散热
D. 防止病人虚脱
E. 预防发生心律不齐
【单选题】
下列资料的收集,哪项不属主观资料___
A. 疼痛
B. 眩晕
C. 水肿
D. 恶心
E. 愉快
【单选题】
大叶性肺炎病人体温40.2℃,脉搏细速,血压12/8kPa(90/60mmHg),观察病情时应特别警惕发生___
A. 昏迷
B. 晕厥
C. 休克
D. 心律失常
E. 惊厥
【单选题】
服磺胺类药多饮水的目的是___
A. 避免损害神经系统
B. 减轻服药引起的恶心
C. 增加药物疗效
D. 避免尿中结晶析出
E. 避免影响血液酸碱度
【单选题】
为女性病人导尿时,符合无菌要求的操作是___
A. 2次外阴部的消毒均是由内向外、自上而下
B. 打开导尿包后应先铺洞巾后戴手套
C. 手套污染后应立即用乙醇消毒
D. 导尿管误插入阴道后应拨出重插
E. 应留取中段尿液5ml作培养检查
【单选题】
静脉输液时溶液不滴的原因不包括___
A. 压力过低
B. 静脉痉挛
C. 针头阻塞
D. 针头紧贴血管壁
E. 针头滑出血管外
【单选题】
禁用鼻饲法的病人是___
A. 食管静脉曲张
B. 拒绝进食者
C. 昏迷
D. 早产儿
E. 口腔疾患
【单选题】
某人冬季用煤球取暖,但因烟囱阻塞而煤气中毒,病人处于昏迷状态,大小便失禁,抢救时首要措施是___
A. 急救车送医院
B. 立即吸氧
C. 输液
D. 就地人工呼吸
E. 移离现场
【单选题】
使用人工呼吸机注意事项中,错误的一项是___
A. 定期做血气分析和电解质测定
B. 做好口腔及皮肤护理
C. 保持呼吸道通畅
D. 呼吸器的湿化器应每周清洁、消毒
E. 病室空气每日消毒1~2次
【单选题】
超声雾化吸入器产生超声波声能的部位是___
A. 超声波发生器
B. 透声膜
C. 晶体换能器
D. 雾化罐
E. 雾化器电子元件
【单选题】
关于病人对疼痛的反应叙述错误的是___
A. 新生儿对疼痛的刺激是敏感的
B. 老年人有时疼痛的反应会增加
C. 性格外向者对疼痛的忍耐性较差
D. 癔症性格的人容易受其他疼痛者的暗示
E. 婴幼儿不能很好地表达疼痛
【单选题】
取避污纸的正确方法是___
A. 掀页撕取
B. 由页面抓取
C. 由别人代取再传递
D. 须掀起页面再抓取
E. 随便撕取无影响
【单选题】
当T.A.T过敏试验为阳性,但病情又需要注射时,脱敏注射的原则是___
A. 将TAT含量逐渐递增,稀释液是逐渐递减
B. 将T.A.T分成相等的4份
C. 将T.A.T含量逐渐递减,稀释液是逐渐递增
D. 将T.A.T分成2份注射
E. 以上都不对
【单选题】
慢性菌痢病人在保留灌肠时应采取的卧位是___
A. 右侧卧位
B. 左侧卧位
C. 俯卧位
D. 仰卧位
E. 膝胸卧位
【单选题】
脱隔离衣错误的是___
A. 先松开腰带在前面打活结
B. 塞好衣袖再刷手
C. 刷手后解衣领
D. 从袖里拉下衣袖,勿使清洁的手污染
E. 脱下的隔离衣应污染面朝外投入污物袋中
【单选题】
依赖性护理措施是指___
A. 源于医嘱的措施
B. 融入其他学科专家意见的措施
C. 护士独立提出的措施
D. 源于病人意愿的措施
E. 源于家属建议的措施
【单选题】
女,44岁,因车祸胸部严重外伤入院,病人存在多方面的需要,按照人的基本需要层次论,应首先满足的需要是___
A. 安全的需要
B. 自尊的需要
C. 生理的需要
D. 爱与归属的需要
E. 自我实现的需要
【单选题】
患者李某,66岁,因老年慢性支气管炎,痰液黏稠不易咳出,为帮助祛痰,给予氧气雾化吸入,下列操作中,错误的一项是___
A. 吸入前嘱病人先漱口
B. 用蒸馏水稀释药液至5ml
C. 氧流量需6~10L/min
D. 雾化剂吸入器进气口接氧气,湿化瓶中加入蒸馏水
E. 嘱病人呼气时移开出气口
【单选题】
护士与一糖尿病病人及其家属共同研究病人出院后的饮食安排,此时护士的角色是___
A. 教育者
B. 治疗者
C. 帮助者
D. 咨询者
E. 策划者
【单选题】
乙醇拭浴的溶液浓度是___
A. 10%~20%
B. 25%~35%
C. 45%~50%
D. 70%~75%
E. 95%
【单选题】
王小姐,20岁,因急性再生障碍性贫血入院治疗。实验室检查:红细胞(RBC)2.1×10[~12.gif]/L,血红蛋白(Hb)60g/L,白细胞(WBC)3.0×10/L,血小板55×10/L。该病人最适宜静脉输注___
A. 新鲜血
B. 新鲜冰冻血浆
C. 5%白蛋白
D. 浓缩白细胞悬液
E. 库血
【单选题】
系统按是否与环境相互作用可分为___
A. 次系统和超系统
B. 人造系统和自然系统
C. 生态系统和社会系统
D. 开放系统和闭合系统
E. 输入系统和输出系统
【单选题】
"三查七对"中不包括___
A. 药物的名称
B. 药物的剂量
C. 药物的副作用
D. 药物的浓度
E. 给药时间
【单选题】
口对口人工呼吸适宜的吹气量是___
A. 500ml左右
B. 600ml左右
C. 700ml左右
D. 800ml左右
E. 900ml左右
【单选题】
护理程序的方法论基础是___
A. 信息交流理论
B. 压力与适应理论
C. 人的基本需要理论
D. 解决问题的理论
E. 学习的理论
【单选题】
使用前需测心率的药物是___
A. 洋地黄
B. 泼尼松
C. 地西泮
D. 普萘洛尔
E. 氯丙嗪
【单选题】
1919年英国率先颁布了___
A. 系统制定护理法规的参考指导大纲
B. 英国护理法
C. 职业病预防法
D. 医疗事故处理条例
【单选题】
无菌注射器和针头可以用手直接接触的部位是___
A. 针头
B. 活塞
C. 乳头
D. 针栓
E. 针梗
【单选题】
现代护理学的形成是从哪个世纪开始的___
A. 19世纪中叶
B. 17世纪中叶
C. 16世纪中叶
D. 18世纪中叶
E. 20世纪中叶
【单选题】
在沟通进行阶段应注意___
A. 可一次提多个问题
B. 尽量使用医学术语以表达准确
C. 谈话只能由医护人员引导
D. 交谈只能由病人引导
E. 一次只提一个问题
【单选题】
属于病人过去健康状况的资料是___
A. 发病时的临床症状
B. 发病的诱因
C. 院外用药情况
D. 药物过敏史
E. 病人对疾病的体验
【单选题】
哪些危重病人的护理诊断与意识障碍无直接关系___
A. 有误吸的危险
B. 有受伤的危险
C. 焦虑
D. 自理缺陷
E. 有皮肤完整性受损的危险
【单选题】
使用免疫抑制剂的病人应对其采取___
A. 严格隔离
B. 接触隔离
C. 呼吸道隔离
D. 床边隔离
E. 保护性隔离
【单选题】
下列哪项不是静脉输血的目的___
A. 降低颅内压,减轻脑水肿
B. 补充白蛋白
C. 补充凝血因子
D. 增加血红蛋白
E. 补充血容量
【单选题】
小儿头皮静脉输液时,错误的操作是___
A. 需两人以上参与
B. 用碘酊、乙醇常规消毒皮肤
C. 操作者站病儿头侧
D. 病儿可仰卧和侧卧
E. 右手持针沿静脉向心方向平行刺入
【单选题】
南丁格尔首创科学的护理事业的时间是___
A. 16世纪中叶
B. 17世纪中叶
C. 18世纪中叶
D. 19世纪中叶
E. 20世纪中叶
【单选题】
吸痰时痰液黏稠,辅助叩背的目的是___
A. 胸壁震荡促进胸肌血液循环
B. 气管震动促进IgA功能
C. 胸壁震荡提高呼吸肌功能
D. 促使痰液松动
E. 胸壁气管震动对抗气管刺激
【单选题】
肌肉注射引起硬结的主要原因是___
A. 未做到"两快一慢"
B. 同时注射多种药物
C. 病人肌肉结实
D. 注入不易吸收溶剂
E. 针头粗长,进针太深
【单选题】
穿脱隔离衣时应避免污染的部位是___
A. 腰带以下部分
B. 袖子的后面
C. 腰带以上部分
D. 胸前、背后
E. 衣领
【单选题】
在吸氧过程中,调整氧流量的方法是___
A. 调节流量开关
B. 调节总开关
C. 拔除鼻导管调节流量
D. 关总开关,再调流量
E. 分开鼻导管与玻璃接头调节流量后再接好
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