【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
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1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌—俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
相关试题
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
推荐试题
【单选题】
___是指在连续的生产过程中，各工种、各工序按规定要求在完成作业项目和内容时所发生的时间“节点”，如：列车交会时刻、交接班时刻、运营指标统计起止时刻、运输作业阶段等。
A. 时间结合部
B. 空间结合部
C. 过程结合部
D. 设备结合部
【单选题】
___是指铁路运输设备在维修、使用、保管之间的“联系环”。其中包括设备运用部门与维修部门之间的联系，还包括设备使用和维修过程中相关设备、连锁设备之间的相互影响。
A. 时间结合部
B. 空间结合部
C. 过程结合部
D. 设备结合部
【单选题】
___是指对运输生产经营有密切关系、有重要影响的各种“环境域”，如：运行秩序、治安情况、站车关系等。
A. 时间结合部
B. 空间结合部
C. 过程结合部
D. 环境结合部
【单选题】
___是指在计划期内，班组应完成的工作总量，是为把企业和车间的生产任务，落实到每个人、每台设备上而编制的具体工作方案。
A. 班组规划
B. 班组计划
C. 长期计划
D. 中期计划
【单选题】
___通常包括常规任务作业计划、突击性任务作业计划和临时性任务作业计划三大类。
A. 战略计划
B. 班组现场作业计划
C. 长期计划
D. 中期计划
【单选题】
___是企业在直接生产工作过程中寻求人、物、环境三者处于最佳状态的现代管理技术。
A. 定置管理
B. 目标管理
C. 人力管理
D. 设备管理
【单选题】
___的实施主要是开展好“五项”活动，即清理、清扫、整顿、定置、考核。
A. 定置管理
B. 目标管理
C. 人力管理
D. 资源管理
【单选题】
班组___设置分为两类：一类为生产业务台账，另一类为综合管理台账。
【单选题】
下列哪一项不属于班组6S管理的内容___。
【单选题】
___就是将现场的各种物品区分为必要和不必要两类，并将必要的留下来，不必要的从工作现场彻底清除或放置在别处保管。
【单选题】
___就是对必要的物品分门别类，按照规定的位置摆放整齐，并加上 标志，放置在作业时方便使用的地方。
【单选题】
___就是指危险、危害事件发生的可能性与后果严重程度的综合度量。
【单选题】
推行安全风险管理，前提是要增强___。
A. 安全风险意识
B. 处理事故的能力
C. 应急处置的能力
D. 大局意识
【单选题】
超出人们设定的安全界限的状态或行为指的是___，它是直接导致事故发生的根源。
A. 危险源
B. 风险因子
C. 隐患
D. 事故
【单选题】
___是指以一定的状态、形式存在的物或物质。
A. 风险因子
B. 危险源
C. 隐患
D. 事故
【单选题】
下列哪个特点不是安全风险所具备的。___
A. 客观实在性
B. 隐蔽性
C. 可评估性
D. 不可控性
【单选题】
铁路安全风险管理强调安全第一、预防为主、综合治理，强调树立责任意识、问题意识和风险意识，牢固树立___.
A. “一体化”
B. “两纪一化”
C. “三个共识”
D. “以人为中心”
【单选题】
下列哪一项不是构成安全风险最基本的因素。___
A. 环境的不安全因素
B. 现场作业的不规范
C. 设备的异常状态
D. 人员的违章行为
【单选题】
实施安全风险管理不包括下列哪个基本环节。___
A. 风险识别
B. 风险评估
C. 风险发生
D. 风险控制
【单选题】
所谓___，就是对不能接受的伤害和损失采取安全预防措施，以达到消除、降低危害的安全。
A. 风险识别
B. 风险评估
C. 风险控制
D. 风险评价
【单选题】
下列哪一项不属于风险管理的对象。___
A. 风险因子
B. 危险源
C. 隐患
D. 人员素质
【单选题】
安全风险是客观存在的，并不是人们臆想出来的，它说明了安全风险具有___的特点。
A. 隐蔽性
B. 实在性
C. 可控性
D. 客观实在性
【单选题】
风险规避的方式主要有完全拒绝承担风险和___。
A. 承担部分风险
B. 放弃原先承担的风险
C. 风险预防
D. 抑制损失
【单选题】
对系统中尚未发生的、潜在的以及客观存在的各种风险进行全面的、连续的识别和归类的过程被称之为___。
A. 风险控制
B. 风险预防
C. 风险评估
D. 风险识别
【单选题】
___是一种行动或安全设备装置，在损失发生之前，将引发事故的因素或环境进行隔离和控制。
A. 完全拒绝承担风险
B. 放弃原先承担的风险
C. 损失抑制
D. 风险预防
【单选题】
职工培训是增强企业竞争力的___工程。
【单选题】
职工培训的一个重要方面就是岗位培训，其中___、岗位技能和专业知识被视为岗位培训的重要目标。
A. 岗位要求
B. 岗位职责
C. 岗位规范
D. 岗位范围
【单选题】
职工培训的一个重要方面就是岗位培训，其中岗位规范、___和专业知识被视为岗位培训的重要目标。
A. 岗位要求
B. 岗位职责
C. 岗位技能
D. 岗位范围
【单选题】
职工培训的一个重要方面就是岗位培训，其中岗位规范、岗位技能和___被视为岗位培训的重要目标。
A. 专业知识
B. 岗位职责
C. 岗位要求
D. 岗位范围
【单选题】
职工培训的基本特点是___、经济性、社会性。
A. 不确定性
B. 在职性
C. 工作性
D. 服务性
【单选题】
职工培训的基本特点是在职性、___、社会性。
A. 经济性
B. 不确定性
C. 工作性
D. 服务性
【单选题】
职工培训的基本特点是在职性、经济性、___。
A. 不确定性
B. 工作性
C. 社会性
D. 服务性
【单选题】
岗位培训可分为___和适应性培训两个方面。
A. 有组织性培训
B. 资格性培训
C. 上级组织性培训
D. 自学性培训
【单选题】
岗位培训可分为资格性培训和___两个方面。
A. 有组织性培训
B. 上级组织性培训
C. 适应性培训
D. 自学性培训
【单选题】
班组培训的基本方法有___、以师带徒、岗位练兵、示范教育、网络教学、案例教学等。
A. 指定参加
B. 报名参加
C. 实作教学
D. 集体学习
【单选题】
班组培训的基本方法有集体学习、___、岗位练兵、示范教育、网络教学、案例教学等。
A. 指定参加
B. 实作教学
C. 以师带徒
D. 报名参加
【单选题】
班组培训的基本方法有集体学习、以师带徒、___、示范教育、网络教学、案例教学等。
A. 指定参加
B. 岗位练兵
C. 实作教学
D. 报名参加
【单选题】
班组培训的基本方法有集体学习、以师带徒、岗位练兵、___、网络教学、案例教学等。
A. 示范教育
B. 指定参加
C. 实作教学
D. 报名参加
【单选题】
班组培训的基本方法有集体学习、以师带徒、岗位练兵、示范教育、网络教学、___等。
A. 报名参加
B. 指定参加
C. 实作教学
D. 案例教学
