【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
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人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
相关试题
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
推荐试题
【单选题】
"12.动火工作任务因特殊原因不能按批准期限完工时，工作负责人向工作许可人申明理由，由（）征求值班调度意见后确定延期时间，办理延期手续。___
A. 工作许可人
B. 工作负责人
C. 工作监护人
D. 工作签发人
【单选题】
"13.一级动火为公司最高级动火级别，指动火点在已投运天然气管道、站场（阀室）输气设施本体及附属工艺设备上，且处于（），进行的管道打开或连头的动火作业。___
A. 带压或无法置换合格
B. 不能有效隔离但能置换合格
C. 能有效隔离但能置换合格
D. 带压或能置换合格
【单选题】
"14.下列属于二级动火的是（）。___
A. 发电机房动火
B. 在输气站场可产生油气的受限空间内
C. 工艺区焊接接地扁铁
D. 能有效隔离置换的放空管
【单选题】
"15.二级动火工作负责人一般需工作（）年以上，并具有丰富经验的人员担任。___
【单选题】
"16.废旧物资移交地点由谁指定？___
A. 使用部门
B. 仓库班长
C. 技术质量部
D. 物资采购部
【单选题】
"17.对于日常消缺所需更换的备件以缺陷单为准进行认定，更换下来的备件若具有利用价值的应当进行修复利用，无修复利用价值的作为废品，认定工作由谁负责？___
A. 技术质量部
B. 物资采购部
C. 使用部门
D. 现场作业人员
【单选题】
"18.认定属于省天然气公司固定资产的废旧物资由谁负责与省天然气公司相关部门进行对接。___
A. 技术质量部
B. 物资采购部
C. 使用部门
D. 现场作业人员
【单选题】
"19.在坠落高度基准面（ ）米以上（含（ ）米）有可能坠落的高处进行的作业为高处作业___
A. 1.8
B. 2
C. 2.2
D. 2.4
【单选题】
"20.作业高度在( )m时，称为一级高处作业___
A. 2～5
B. 3～5
C. 4～6
D. 4～7
【单选题】
"21.作业高度在( )m时，称为二级高处作业___
A. 6以上至15
B. 5以上至15
C. 6以上至10
D. 7以上至11
【单选题】
"22.作业高度在( )m时，称为三级高处作业___
A. 10以上至25
B. 11以上至30
C. 15以上至30
D. 11以上至25
【单选题】
"23.作业高度在( )m以上时，称为特级高处作业___
【单选题】
"24.( )高处作业必须单独编制安全专项施工方案，按《生产方案管理办法》执行。___
A. 三级及特级
B. 二级及以上
C. 特级
D. 一级及以上
【单选题】
"25.作业前应进行工作前安全分析，（ ）高处作业应办理高处作业许可证。___
A. 特级
B. 二级以上（含二级）
C. 一级以上（含一级）
D. 三级以上（含三级）
【单选题】
"26.在平滑面上使用的梯子，应采取端部套、绑防滑胶皮等措施。直梯应放置稳定，与地面夹角以（ ）为宜___
A. 30°～40°
B. 40°～50°
C. 50°～60°
D. 60°～70°
【单选题】
"27.梯子使用前应检查结构是否牢固。踏步间距不得大于（ ）mm；人字梯应有坚固的铰链和限制跨度的拉链___
A. 200
B. 300
C. 350
D. 400
【单选题】
"28.当遇有（ ）级以上强风、浓雾、沙尘暴等恶劣气候，不得进行露天攀登与悬空高处作业。___
【单选题】
"29.从法兰上去掉（）个及以上螺栓属于管线打开作业___
【单选题】
"30.管线打开前清理其中物料时，清理合格时系统温度应符合以下要求___
A. 介于-10℃～60℃之间
B. 介于-5℃～60℃之间
C. 介于-5℃～50℃之间
D. 介于-10℃～50℃之间
【单选题】
"31.管线打开前清理合格应符合___
A. 低于大气压力
B. 达到大气压力
C. 高于大气压力
D. 无明确要求
【单选题】
"32.所有隔离阀门应（）___
A. 上锁
B. 挂牌
C. 上锁、挂牌
D. 上锁、挂牌、就地
【单选题】
"33.应优先考虑使用（）进行隔离___
A. 手动阀门
B. 盲板
C. 电动阀门
D. 堵头
【单选题】
"34.脚手架作业许可证的有效期限一般为（ ）小时___
【单选题】
"35.脚手架作业许可证特殊情况可申请延期，延期最多不超过（ ）小时___
【单选题】
"36.涉及技改、大修等时间跨度较长的施工作业，脚手架作业许可证的有效期可为（ ）天___
【单选题】
"37.（ ）担任作业许可证工作负责人___
A. 工作票工作负责人
B. 工作票签发人
C. 工作票参加人员
D. 以上人员均可以
【单选题】
"38.搭建、拆卸、移动、提升、改建且高度超过（ ）米不含（ ）米应办理脚手架作业许可证___
【单选题】
"39.脚手架停用超过（ ），脚手架及其地基基础应进行检查与验收___
A. 5天
B. 10天
C. 15天
D. 1个月
【单选题】
"40.脚手架立杆垫板或底座底面标高宜高于自然地坪（ ）___
A. 0mm～50mm
B. 50mm～100mm
C. 100mm～150mm
D. 150mm～200mm
【单选题】
"41. 搭设高度低于 24m的脚手架，当搭设高度达到（ ）时应停止搭设，由脚手架检查员按搭设方案的要求进行检查确认，合格后方可继续搭设___
【单选题】
"42.当脚手架的高度超过其最小基础尺寸的( )时，应在其顶部采取防倾覆的措施___
【单选题】
"43.遇有（ ）级以上强风、浓雾、大雪及雷雨等恶劣气候，不得进行露天脚手架搭设作业___
【单选题】
"44.受限空间内气体检测前( )后，仍未开始作业，应重新进行检测___
A. 15分钟
B. 20分钟
C. 半小时
D. 35分钟
【单选题】
"45.气体监测宜优先选择连续监测方式，若采用间断性监测，间隔不应超过（ ）___
A. 1小时
B. 2小时
C. 半小时
D. 3小时
【单选题】
"46.受限空间内外的氧浓度应一致。若不一致，在授权进入受限空间之前，应确定偏差的原因，氧浓度应保持在（ ）___
A. 19.5%～23.5%
B. 18.5%～22.5%
C. 19.2%～23.4%
D. 18.2%～23.5%
【单选题】
"47.不论是否有焊接、敲击等，受限空间内易燃易爆气体或液体挥发物的浓度应满足当爆炸下限≥4%时，浓度（ ）___
A. ＜0.8% (体积)
B. ＜1.0% (体积)
C. ＞1.5% (体积)
D. ＜0.5% (体积)
【单选题】
"48.不论是否有焊接、敲击等，受限空间内易燃易爆气体或液体挥发物的浓度应满足当爆炸下限＜4%时，浓度（ ）___
A. ＜0.2% (体积)
B. ＜0.8% (体积)
C. ＞0.4% (体积)
D. ＞1.2% (体积)
【单选题】
"49.进入受限空间作业照明应使用安全电压（ ）的安全行灯___
A. 不大于12V
B. 不大于36V
C. 小于36V
D. 不大于24V
【单选题】
"50.金属设备内和特别潮湿作业场所作业，其安全行灯电压应为（ ）且绝缘性能良好___
A. 12V
B. 24V
C. 36V
D. 48V
【单选题】
"51.当受限空间原来盛装爆炸性液体、气体等介质的，应使用防爆电筒或电压不大于（ ）的防爆安全行灯，行灯变压器不应放在容器内或容器上___
A. 12V
B. 24V
C. 36V
D. 48V
