【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
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人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
相关试题
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
推荐试题
【单选题】
2岁以内小儿乳牙总数可按下列哪个公式推算___
A. 月龄-(2～4)
B. 月龄-(2～6)
C. 月龄-(2～8)
D. 月龄-(4～6)
E. 月龄-(6～8)
【单选题】
关于妊娠合并肝炎下述哪项不对___
A. 使早孕反应加重
B. 孕晚期易发生妊高征
C. 分娩期易发生产后出血
D. 对胎儿无影响
E. 妊娠期易发生病毒性肝炎
【单选题】
关于妊娠合并肝炎下述哪项不对___
A. 使早孕反应加重
B. 孕晚期易发生妊高征
C. 分娩期易发生产后出血
D. 对胎儿无影响
E. 妊娠期易发生病毒性肝炎
【单选题】
煮沸消毒时为提高沸点，可加入___
A. 氯化铵
B. 亚硝酸钠
C. 碳酸钠
D. 碳酸氢钠
E. 碳酸铵
【单选题】
关于妊娠合并肝炎下述哪项不对___
A. 使早孕反应加重
B. 孕晚期易发生妊高征
C. 分娩期易发生产后出血
D. 对胎儿无影响
E. 妊娠期易发生病毒性肝炎
【单选题】
患者进行腹式呼吸锻炼时，下列动作应予以纠正的是___
A. 吸气时腹部尽力挺出
B. 用鼻吸入
C. 呼气时腹部尽力收缩
D. 用口呼出
E. 深吸快呼
【单选题】
插置双气囊三腔管适用于哪种疾病出血___
A. 胃溃疡
B. 十二指肠溃疡
C. 慢性胃炎
D. 胃癌
E. 食管胃底静脉曲张破裂
【单选题】
特发性血小板减少性紫癜的病因是___
A. 细菌直接感染
B. 自身免疫
C. 变态反应
D. 病毒
E. 寄生虫
【单选题】
下列哪项符合无菌技术操作原则___
A. 持无菌镊的1／4处
B. 持无菌容器时手指触及容器边缘
C. 将无菌敷料伸进无菌溶液瓶内蘸取溶液
D. 将无菌盘的盖巾扇形折叠时，开口边向外
E. 戴无菌手套的手触及另一手套反折部的外侧面
【单选题】
煮沸消毒时为提高沸点，可加入___
A. 氯化铵
B. 亚硝酸钠
C. 碳酸钠
D. 碳酸氢钠
E. 碳酸铵
【单选题】
以下有关输液的叙述不正确的是___
A. 需长期输液时，一般从远端静脉开始
B. 需大量输液时，一般选用较大静脉
C. 连续24h输液时，应每14h更换输液管
D. 输人多巴胺应调节较慢的速度
E. 颈外静脉穿刺拔管后在穿刺点加压数分钟，避免空气进入
【单选题】
男性，34岁，因患急性黄疸性肝炎住院。此时进行的护理措施不妥当的是___
A. 接触病人应穿隔离衣
B. 病人的排泄物直接倒入马桶中冲洗
C. 护理病人前后均应洗手
D. 给予低脂肪食物
E. 病人剩余的饭菜可用漂白粉混合搅拌后倒掉
【单选题】
引起小儿秋季腹泻常见的病原体是___
A. 空肠弯曲菌
B. 大肠埃希菌
C. 埃可病毒
D. 轮状病毒
E. 柯萨奇病毒
【单选题】
成人无形失水和每日排出的水分共为___
A. 500ml
B. 850ml
C. 1000ml
D. 1250ml
E. 1500ml
【单选题】
关于小儿各期体重的指标。下列陈述哪项是错误的___
A. 正常产新生儿出生时体重约为5kg
B. 出生前半年平均每月增加0．7kg；后半年平均每月增加0．6kg
C. 1周岁时体重平均约为出生体重的4倍
D. 2周岁时体重平均约为出生体重的6倍
E. 2～12岁期间的体重推算公式是：年龄×4+R
【单选题】
男性，66岁，冠心病心绞痛3年。心绞痛发作时经休息或服硝酸甘油可以缓解，平日缓解期，下列何药可不用___
A. 消心痛
B. 倍他乐克
C. 硝苯地平
D. 利尿剂如氨苯蝶啶
E. 阿司匹林、潘生丁
【单选题】
放疗病人的皮肤护理措施不正确的是___
A. 局部皮肤保持干燥
B. 切忌用肥皂、粗毛巾擦拭
C. 防止阳光直射
D. 照射部位常规涂乙醇
E. 告知病人穿宽松柔软、吸湿性强的内衣
【单选题】
关于急性血源性骨髓炎的说法错误的是___
A. 发病部位多见于长管骨干骺端
B. 全身中毒症状明显
C. 发病几天后才出现明显的局部红肿和波动感
D. 早期局部分层穿刺有利于诊断
E. 可通过x检查早期诊断
【单选题】
低钾与高钾血症相同的症状是___
A. 心动过速
B. 乏力、软瘫
C. 舒张期停搏
D. 腹胀、呕吐
E. 心电图T波低平
【单选题】
慢性支气管炎最突出的症状是___
A. 长期反复咳嗽
B. 反复咳脓性痰
C. 间歇少量咯血
D. 逐渐加重的呼吸困难
E. 活动后心悸气急
【单选题】
对放射治疗不敏感的恶性肿瘤是___
A. 肺癌
B. 食管癌
C. 胃癌
D. 乳癌
E. 鼻咽癌
【单选题】
下列神志障碍表现中，哪项与颅内血肿关系最为密切___
A. 嗜睡
B. 浅昏迷
C. 深昏迷
D. 中间清醒期
E. 反应迟钝
【单选题】
硬膜外麻醉最严重的并发症是___
A. 血压下降
B. 血管扩张
C. 尿潴留
D. 全脊髓麻醉
E. 呼吸变慢
【单选题】
下列不属于右心力衰竭临床表现的是___
A. 食欲不振、少尿
B. 早期在身体疏松部位出现水肿，如眼睑
C. 颈静脉怒张
D. 肝脏肿大伴压痛
E. 口唇、甲床发绀
【单选题】
按热量计算，sl'g婴儿每日需要10％糖牛乳量为___
A. 100～1l2ml
B. 200。222ml
C. 400～442ml
D. 500～552ml
E. 600～662ml
【单选题】
产褥感染体温过高的护理措施，错误的是___
A. 嘱病人卧床休息
B. 体温超过41℃不予物理降温
C. 鼓励病人多饮水
D. 病房要定时通风
E. 给予易消化的半流质饮食
【单选题】
对危重患儿的就诊程序应是___
A. 先抢救
B. 先挂号
C. 先预诊
D. 先量体温
E. 先化验血常规
【单选题】
会阴局部进行热敷，每次热敷的时间一般为___
A. 3～7min
B. 6～12min
C. 22min以内
D. 20～32min
E. >32min
【单选题】
二尖瓣狭窄病人咯血的原因是___
A. 喉头的毛细血管破裂
B. 小肺静脉破裂
C. 肺泡壁毛细血管破裂
D. 肺动脉分支破裂
E. 曲张的支气管静脉破裂
【单选题】
与患者交谈过程中，可引起沟通障碍的是___
A. 与交谈者经常保持目光接触
B. 交谈过程中适当沉默
C. 用复述强调患者陈述的关键内容
D. 交谈过程中随意改换话题
E. 适时轻轻抚摸患者
【单选题】
小肠扭转多见于___
A. 饥饿时运动
B. 饱餐后剧烈运动
C. 饱餐后卧床
D. 腹部曾有外伤史
E. 腹部曾有手术史
【单选题】
预防阵发性夜间呼吸困难发作，最主要的护理措施是___
A. 保持安静，减少声、光的刺激
B. 夜间持续吸氧
C. 夜间睡眠应保持半卧位
D. 睡前给少量镇静剂
E. 注意保暖
【单选题】
适宜尽早应用血管收缩药物的是___
A. 低血容量性休克
B. 创伤性休克
C. 感染性休克
D. 过敏性休克
E. 心源性休克
【单选题】
对胆石症病人进行非手术治疗期间，发现绞痛频繁发作。逐渐加重。黄疸更显著。血压下降。脉搏细速而弱，腹肌紧张。此时护士应该___
A. 进一步观察其病情变化
B. 解痉止痛
C. 纠正水、电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱
D. 及时报告医生做好术前准备
E. 给予抗生素预防感染
【单选题】
急性腹膜炎病人取半卧位的主要目的是___
A. 舒适
B. 利于呼吸
C. 利于腹腔引流
D. 利于循环
E. 利于吞咽
【单选题】
4岁以内小儿乳牙总数可按下列哪个公式推算___
A. 月龄-(2～4)
B. 月龄-(2～6)
C. 月龄-(2～8)
D. 月龄-(4～8)
E. 月龄-(6～10)
【单选题】
关于妊娠合并肝炎下述哪项不对___
A. 使早孕反应加重
B. 孕晚期易发生妊高征
C. 分娩期易发生产后出血
D. 对胎儿无影响
E. 妊娠期易发生病毒性肝炎
【单选题】
患者进行腹式呼吸锻炼时，下列动作应予以纠正的是___
A. 吸气时腹部尽力挺出
B. 用鼻吸入
C. 呼气时腹部尽力收缩
D. 用口呼出
E. 深吸快呼
【单选题】
插置双气囊三腔管适用于哪种疾病出血___
A. 胃溃疡
B. 十二指肠溃疡
C. 慢性胃炎
D. 胃癌
E. 食管胃底静脉曲张破裂
【单选题】
特发性血小板减少性紫癜的病因是___
A. 细菌直接感染
B. 自身免疫
C. 变态反应
D. 病毒
E. 寄生虫
