【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
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拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4.4万名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
相关试题
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
【单选题】
啮齿动物的臼齿常具有_____。___
【单选题】
______是仓鼠科特征。___
A. 背部有背囊
B. 尾部有尾囊
C. 口中两侧有颊囊
D. 腹部腹面有腹囊
【单选题】
_______蜱类假头基通常为矩形。___
A. 花蜱属
B. 璃眼蜱属
C. 扇头蜱属
D. 异扇头蜱属
【单选题】
_________鉴别特征是：体型较大，前胸背板具褐色蝶形大斑，其后缘中央向后延伸不达后缘，且前缘具“T”型黄斑。___
A. 黑胸大蠊
B. 美洲大蠊
C. 德国小蠊
D. 褐斑大蠊
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【单选题】
防止职业危害的措施主要有___措施和个体防护措施两种。
【单选题】
二氧化碳气体保护焊时,由于氧气和紫外线作用强烈。适宜穿戴___
A. 亚麻工作服
B. 棉布工作服
C. 耐酸呢、柞丝绸等非棉布工作服
【单选题】
下列说法错误的是___
A. 从业人员对于安全的知情权,是保护劳动者生命健康权的重要前热
B. 从业人员有权了解其作业场所和工作岗位与安全生产有关的情况
C. 从业人员对本单位的安全生产工没有建议权
【单选题】
关于钎焊从业人员的义务,下列说法正确的是___
A. 从业人员必须接受专门的安全生产教育和业务培训
B. 从业人员一般不是事故隐患和不安全因素的第一当事人
C. 发现事故隐患和不安全因素后,没有及时报告,可自行处理
【单选题】
氩弧焊时,喷嘴过大会造成___
A. 易于焊工观察
B. 气流流速高
C. 挺度小
【单选题】
氧化焰可焊接的材料是___
A. 铝及铝合金、低碳钢、低合金钢
B. 黄铜、青铜
C. 镍、高碳钢、高速钢
【单选题】
埋弧焊熔炼焊剂名称中第一位数字表示焊剂中___
A. 硅的含量
B. 氧化锰的含量
C. 氟的含量
【单选题】
估算瓶内二氧化碳贮量的方法为___
A. 采用称钢瓶质量的办法
B. 采用气瓶压力表压力值的大小换算
C. 根据最大压力判断
【单选题】
关于短路过渡和颗粒过渡的说法,下列错误的是___
A. 短路过渡所使用的电流通常小于颗粒过度
B. 短路过渡所使用的电流通常大于颗粒过度
C. 短路过渡所使用的电压通常小于颗粒过度
【单选题】
关于铝及铝合金激光焊的说法,下列错误的是___
A. 焊缝中容易产生气孔
B. 工件表面需进行预处理,采用大功率的激光器
C. 工件表面在开始时反射率低且稳定
【单选题】
一般不发炎或化脓,但往往造成局部麻木和失去知觉的电击形式是___
【单选题】
以下说法错误的是___
A. 空载试验和短路试验拥有熔化焊机和简单测量装置即可测量
B. 在长期使用熔化焊机后应对次级回路进行清理和检测
C. 熔化焊机次级短路电流值,降低了焊机的焊接能力
【单选题】
与一般焊接相比,堆焊的基本规律与之不同,主要体现在其___
【单选题】
下送风式面罩又称为___
A. 头箍式头盔
B. 肩托式头盔
C. 风机内藏式头盔
【单选题】
固定式排烟罩的特点是___。
A. 适用于焊接大而长的焊件时排除电焊烟尘和有毒气体
B. 适合于焊接操作地点固定、焊件较小情况下采用
C. 可以根据焊接地点和操作位置的需要随意移动
【单选题】
焊接工作场所局部通风应用比较普遍的是___
A. 局部通风
B. 局部机械排气
C. 局部送风
【单选题】
关于氧化焰的说法,下列正确的是___
A. 火焰具有氧化性,过剩氧气会使熔池中合金元素烧损
B. 火焰中无过剩乙炔和氧
C. 火焰中乙炔过剩,含有游离碳和较多的氢。焊接低碳钢时焊缝会渗碳
【单选题】
为防止电渣焊时产生爆渣或漏渣引起的烧伤,应___
A. 选用氟化钙含量低的焊剂
B. 焊前检查变压器冷却水畅通情况
C. 提高装配质量
【单选题】
关于氧气管道的管材规定,下列正确的是___
A. 氧气管道的管材一般应选用无缝钢管、铜管(如黄铜管)
B. 不论架空或地沟敷设或埋设,一般工作压力在3Mha以者,多采用铜管（如黄铜管）
C. 工作压力在3Mpa以上者,多采用无缝钢管
【单选题】
二氧化碳气体预热器所使用的电压不得高于___V
【单选题】
氢气瓶是贮存和运输氢气的高压压力容器,瓶体表面为___
【单选题】
细丝(≤1.6mm)短路过渡焊接时的保护气体流量一般为___L/min。
【单选题】
关于隐弧排烟罩,下列说法正确的是___
A. 这类排烟罩适用于焊接大而长的焊件时排除电焊烟尘和有毒气体
B. 这类排烟罩对焊接区实行密闭,能最大限度地减少臭氧等有毒气体的弥散
C. 利用压缩空气从主管中高速喷出时,在副管形成负压区,从而将电焊烟尘和有毒气体吸出
【单选题】
用MU2-1000型悬臂式单头纵环缝带极埋弧堆焊机堆焊的设,其堆焊内径为最小___
【单选题】
下列可用于等离子焊接冷却系统中冷却剂是___
【单选题】
焊接作业时,丙烷瓶要远离火源___m以上
【单选题】
关于熔化极气体保护电弧焊用的焊丝,以下不正确的是___
A. 直径较大
B. 焊接电流比较大
C. 熔化速度很高
【单选题】
以气体为置换介质时的需用量一般为被置换介原容积的___倍以上
【单选题】
关于钎焊从业人员的权利,说法错误的是___
A. 从业人员享有拒绝违章指挥和强令冒险作业权
B. 发生生产安全事故后,从业人员首先自行商量,待无法达成一致时再依照劳动合同和工伤社会保险合同的约定,享有相应的赔付金
C. 从业人员享有停止作业和紧急撤离的权利
【单选题】
关于焊条的选用,下列说法错误的是___
A. 焊条电弧焊是焊接工作中的主要方法,在焊接工作中占有重要地位
B. 虽然焊条的种类很多,但是其使用要求简单,使用不当也不会对成本都有很大影响
C. 焊条电弧焊时,焊条既作为电极,在焊条熔化后又作为填充金属直接过渡到熔池,与液态的母材熔合后形成焊缝
