【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
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不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
相关试题
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
【单选题】
啮齿动物的臼齿常具有_____。___
【单选题】
______是仓鼠科特征。___
A. 背部有背囊
B. 尾部有尾囊
C. 口中两侧有颊囊
D. 腹部腹面有腹囊
推荐试题
【单选题】
轨距是左右两股钢轨内侧顶面以下___处的距离。
A. 16mm
B. 15mm
C. 14mm
D. 13mm
【单选题】
我国城市轨道交通采用___为标准轨距。
A. 1425mm
B. 1430mm
C. 1435mm
D. 1440mm
【单选题】
作业验收时，轨距误差：规定宽不得超过___。
A. 4mm
B. 5mm
C. 6mm
D. 7mm
【单选题】
作业验收时，轨距误差：规定窄不得超过___。
A. 5mm
B. 4mm
C. 3mm
D. 2mm
【单选题】
在线路直线部分，轨距不应大于___。
A. 1438mm
B. 1439mm
C. 1440mm
D. 1441mm
【单选题】
在线路直线部分，轨距不应小于___。
A. 1431mm
B. 1432mm
C. 1433mm
D. 1434mm
【单选题】
轨距测量在日常检查中，通常每___检查一处。
A. 6.20m
B. 6.25m
C. 6.30m
D. 6.35m
【单选题】
轨距的大小是由机车车辆的轮对___确定的。
【单选题】
我国国家标准规定正直线轨距误差的允许范围为在___。
A. +6mm~-2mm
B. +8mm~-4mm
C. +10mm~-6mm
D. +12mm~-8mm
【单选题】
我国国家标准规定正直线轨距误差的允许范围保养标准为___。
A. +6mm~-2mm
B. +8mm~-4mm
C. +10mm~-6mm
D. +12mm~-8mm
【单选题】
我国国家标准规定正直线1m范围内轨距不得有___以上的误差。
A. 4mm
B. 3mm
C. 2mm
D. 1mm
【单选题】
在日常检查时，水平也用道尺进行检查，通常每___检查一处。
A. 6.25m
B. 6.30m
C. 6.35m
D. 6.40m
【单选题】
《铁路技术管理规程》中规定：水平的允许误差，在维修线路的正线，到发线上，不得大于___。
A. 3mm
B. 4mm
C. 5mm
D. 6mm
【单选题】
《铁路技术管理规程》中规定：水平的允许误差，在维修线路的正线，到发线上，不得大于4mm，其他线不得大于___为基准。
A. 6mm
B. 5mm
C. 4mm
D. 3mm
【单选题】
水平的变化率1m距离内，变化不得超过___。
A. 2mm
B. 1mm
C. 10mm
D. 20mm
【单选题】
线路上先是左股钢轨高，后是右股钢轨高，当前后两点的水平正负误差的代数差超过___时为三角坑。
A. 2mm
B. 3mm
C. 4mm
D. 5mm
【单选题】
在检查三角坑时，基长为6.25m，但在延长___的距离内应不允许出现三角坑。
A. 15m
B. 16m
C. 17m
D. 18m
【单选题】
在正线上当曲线半径等于或小于___时，圆曲线与直线间应设置缓和曲线。
A. 1500m
B. 2000m
C. 2500m
D. 3000m
【单选题】
在正线上当曲线半径___2000m时，圆曲线与直线间应设置缓和曲线。
A. 等于或小于
B. 等于
C. 等于或大于
D. 大于
【单选题】
圆曲线的最小长度不应小于___。
A. 14m
B. 15m
C. 16m
D. 17m
【单选题】
相邻曲线间的的夹直线的长度，在有缓和曲线时，不小于___。
A. 15m
B. 14m
C. 13m
D. 12m
【单选题】
全轴距系指一节车辆第一位轴至最后位轴之间距离，目前我国地铁车辆的全轴距最大不超过___。
A. 10m
B. 15m
C. 20m
D. 25m
【单选题】
道岔应设在直线地段，道岔端部至曲线端部的距离不宜小于___，车场线可以减少到3m。
【单选题】
正线与联络线上曲线半径小于___时，直线与圆曲线间要设缓和曲线。
A. 1300m
B. 1400m
C. 1500m
D. 1600m
【单选题】
为保证行车安全，按《地铁设计规范》规定:实设最大超高，不得大于___。
A. 100mm
B. 110mm
C. 120mm
D. 130mm
【单选题】
我国规定，允许最大未被平衡欠超高，一般为75mm，特殊情况为___。
A. 90mm
B. 95mm
C. 100mm
D. 150mm
【单选题】
城市轨道交通的现有运营线，最大外轨超高为___。
A. 90mm
B. 100mm
C. 110mm
D. 120mm
【单选题】
在困难条件下，车场线上的曲线轨距加宽，允许按不大于___。递减曲线轨道的最大轨距，应能够确保行车安全，不使之掉道。
【单选题】
曲线段，两股钢轨接头相错量不得超过___加所采用的缩短轨缩短量的一半。
A. 40mm
B. 50mm
C. 60mm
D. 70mm
【单选题】
规定按线路允许速度检算，未被平衡欠超高不得大于___，否则应进行调整。
A. 110mm
B. 120mm
C. 130mm
D. 140mm
【单选题】
联络线、出入段（场）线的最大坡度不宜大于___(均不考虑各种坡度折减值)
A. 10‰
B. 20‰
C. 30‰
D. 40‰
【单选题】
线路坡段长度不宜小于远期地铁列车长度，并应满足相邻竖曲线间的夹直线长度的要求，其夹直线长度不宜小于___。
A. 40m
B. 50m
C. 60m
D. 70m
【单选题】
隧道内和路堑地段的正线最小坡度不宜小于___。
【单选题】
地面和高架桥上正线最小坡度为___。
A. 1‰
B. 2‰
C. 3‰
D. 不受限制
【单选题】
车站站台计算长度段线路应设在___坡道上。
【单选题】
地面和高架桥上的车站站台计算长度段线路宜设在___坡道上。
