【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
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1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
相关试题
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
推荐试题
【单选题】
事先把系统加以剖析,列出各层次的不安全因素,确定检查项目,并把检查项目按系统的组成顺序编制成表,以便进行检查或评审。这种属于___检查法。
A. 常规检查
B. 安全检查表法
C. 仪器检查法
【单选题】
___安全检查是对某个专项问题或在施工(生产)中存在的普遍性安全问题进行的单项定性检查。安全检查对象的确定应本着突出重点的原则。
【单选题】
下列不属于安全生产投入形式的有___。
A. 火灾报警器更新
B. 加工机床的维修
C. 防尘口罩的配备
【单选题】
性质或消防方法相互抵触,以及配装号或类别不同的危险化学品___在同一车船内运输。
A. 不能
B. 允许但要分开一定距离
C. 允许混放
【单选题】
危险化学品仓库应设有___的危险化学品养护员,负责危险化学品的技术养护、管理和监测工作。
【单选题】
依法设立的危险化学品生产企业在其厂区范围内销售本企业生产的危险化学品,不需要取得危险化学品___许可。
【单选题】
安全检查的类型包括___、专业检查、季节性检查和日常检查。
A. 指令性检查
B. 综合检查
C. 防火防爆安全检查
【单选题】
高压管路上的阀门在密封不严造成气体回串时,往往阀体及回串方向的管路上会出现___现象。
【单选题】
氧气瓶及强氧化剂气瓶瓶体及瓶阀处,必须杜绝沾有___。
【单选题】
固体粉碎和液体分离过程的起电属于___起电。
【单选题】
一般来讲___。
A. 气体比较容易燃烧,其次是液体,再次是固体
B. 液体比较容易燃烧,其次是气体,再次是固体
C. 固体比较容易燃烧,其次是液体,再次是气体
【单选题】
应当在其醒目位置,设置警示标识和中文警示说明的作业岗位为___。
A. 产生严重职业病危害的
B. 产生职业病危害的
C. 产生较重和严重职业病危害
【单选题】
《中国人民共和国消防法》规定,进行电焊、气焊等具有火灾危险的作业人员和自动消防系统的操作人员,必须___,并严格遵守消防安全操作规程。
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定,生产经营单位对___应当登记建档,进行定期检测、评估、监控,并制定应急预案,告知从业人员和相关人员在紧急情况下应当采取的应急措施。
【单选题】
《危险化学品安全管理条例》规定,危险化学品单位的___对本单位的危险化学品安全管理工作全面负责。
【单选题】
用人单位对采用的技术、工艺、材料,应当知悉其产生的职业病危害,对有职业病危害的技术、工艺、材料隐瞒其危害而采用的,对所造成的___承担责任。
A. 经济损失
B. 人身伤害
C. 职业病危害后果
【单选题】
企业应急处置程序和现场处置方案要实行___。
A. 牌板化管理
B. 精细化管理
C. 衔接化管理
【单选题】
生产经营单位应对重大危险源采取便捷、有效的___、治安报警措施和联络通信、记录措施。
【单选题】
企业要加强重点岗位和重点部位监控,发现事故征兆要立即发布___,采取有效防范和处置措施,防止事故发生和事故损失扩大。
A. 预警信息
B. 启动预案信息
C. 新闻信息
【单选题】
国家标准《化学品安全技术说明书编写规定》中,SDS表示的意思是___。
A. 化学品安全技术说明书
B. 化学品安全标签
C. 化学品质量证书
【单选题】
下列固体中,属于遇湿易燃物品的是___。
【单选题】
生产经营单位新建、改建、扩建工程项目安全设施“三同时”评价工作,属于安全评价类型的___。
A. 安全现状综合评价
B. 专项安全评价
C. 安全预评价和安全验收评价
【单选题】
已经取得经营许可证的企业变更企业名称、主要负责人、注册地址或者危险化学品储存设施及其监控措施的,应当自变更之日起___个工作日内,向发证机关提出书面变更申请,并提交相关文件、资料。
【单选题】
工伤保险是国家通过立法手段保证实施的,对在工作过程中遭受人身伤害的职工或遗属提供补偿的一种___。
A. 社会福利制度
B. 优惠措施
C. 经济补偿制度
【单选题】
当生产和其他工作与安全发生矛盾时,要以安全为主,生产和其他工作要服从安全,这就是___原则。
【单选题】
危险化学品经营单位许可范围发生变化的,应当___办理经营许可证。
【单选题】
生产经营单位的安全生产管理机构是专门负责()的内设机构,其工作人员是___安全生产管理人员。
A. 安全生产教育培训,专职
B. 安全生产,专业
C. 安全生产监督管理,专职
【单选题】
危险化学品经营单位经营方式发生变化的,应当___办理经营许可证。
【单选题】
根据《工伤保险条例》,职工患职业病的,___认定为工伤。
【单选题】
《气瓶安全监察规程》规定,采用车辆运输时,气瓶要妥善固定。卧放时,瓶阀端应朝向一方,垛高不得超过___层且不得超过车箱高度。
【单选题】
触电事故中,绝大部分是___导致人身伤亡的。
A. 烧伤
B. 人体接受电流遭到电击
C. 电休克
【单选题】
可燃气体混合物的初始温度越高,使爆炸下限___,上限增高,爆炸极限范围增大。
【单选题】
气体扩散燃烧的速度决定于___。
A. 气体的扩散速度
B. 氧化反应的本身
C. 火焰的温度
【单选题】
生产过程职业病危害因素中的___属于物理因素。
【单选题】
职业性多发病是指由于___中存在诸多因素所致的病损,或虽然原为非职业性疾病,由于接触职业病危害因素而使之加剧或发病率增高。
【单选题】
《危险化学品安全管理条例》规定,托运危险化学品的,___应当向承运人说明所托运的危险化学品的种类、数量、危险特性以及发生危险情况的应急处置措施。
【单选题】
《中华人民共和国消防法》规定,企业对建筑消防设施___至少进行一次全面检测,确保完好有效,检测记录应当完整准确存档备查。
【单选题】
对可能发生急性职业损伤的有毒、有害工作场所,用人单位应当设置报警装置,配置现场急救用品、冲洗设备、应急撤离通道和必要的___。
【单选题】
任何___和个人不得生产、经营、进口和使用国家明令禁止使用的可能产生职业病危害的设备或者材料。
