【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
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1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
相关试题
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
推荐试题
【单选题】
340-300机组休息室前、后舱负责乘务员分别由___
A. 前2号，后8号
B. 前1号，后7号
C. 前12号，后10号
D. 前3号，后9号
【单选题】
340-600机组休息室前、后舱负责乘务员分别为___
A. 前3号、后7号
B. 前12号，后9号
C. 前1号，后8号
D. 前2号，后10号
【单选题】
远程航线最后一餐值班乘务员应在供应前___从冷藏箱内取出。
A. 半小时
B. 1小时
C. 1个半小时
D. 2个小时
【单选题】
注意客舱温度的调节，夜间飞行最适当的温度为___
A. 22—24
B. 18—20
C. 19—25
D. 21—23
【单选题】
供应完第二餐后，乘务员播放填写所飞国C.I.Q单时，应___
A. 边发边帮助填写
B. 让旅客不要急于填写，等广播完毕再填
C. 让旅客迅速完成
D. 乘务员交待会填写的旅客填写
【单选题】
乘务员在旅客上机后应对出口座位处旅客进行评估，如旅客认为无力进行协作时应___
A. 调换其座位
B. 对其进行劝说
C. 指定其必须负责
D. 让其下机
【单选题】
值班期间乘务员应调节好灯光，让旅客休息灯光应在___
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 100%
D. 全部关闭
【单选题】
值班时间安排乘务员每一轮不得起过___
A. 1小时
B. 1个半小时
C. 2个小时
D. 2个半小时
【单选题】
迎客时如遇旅客行李过大过重应___
A. 旅客自行解决
B. 帮助安放
C. 交待托运
D. A+C
【单选题】
归还旅客衣服时应在___
A. 飞机落地后滑行时
B. 下降时
C. 开门前
D. 安全检查后
【单选题】
归还旅客禁区运物品应在___
A. 飞机落地后滑行时
B. 下降时安检时
C. 开门前
D. 送客时
【单选题】
美国航线应在___广播检疫规定，让旅客自行处理所带物品。
A. 旅客登机完毕
B. 第一餐供餐完毕
C. 第三餐供餐完毕
D. 旅客下机前
【单选题】
如发现旅客携带违禁物品如肉类、果蔬等时应___
A. 因不涉及乘务员所以视而不见
B. 帮助其处理掉
C. 让旅客自行处理
D. B+C
【单选题】
值班期间不应关闭的客舱灯光是___
A. 顶灯
B. 侧顶灯
C. 过道灯
D. 阅读灯
【单选题】
如检查客舱设备时，发现有损坏处应___
A. 填写客舱维护记录本
B. 报告乘务长
C. 贴上标签停止使用
D. A+B+C
【单选题】
客舱记录本是指___
A. 核实、记录维修本
B. 乘务日志记录本
C. 特殊旅客记录本
D. 要客服务记录本
【单选题】
在旅客登机完毕后，需经得___允许方可开门。
A. 乘务长
B. 主任乘务长
C. 数客乘务员
D. 机长
【单选题】
飞机到达站后，需得到___同意后旅客方可下机。
A. 机长
B. 主任乘务长
C. 地面总指挥
D. C.R.Q全体人员
【单选题】
国际航班乘务员广播时应同时报___
A. 北京时间、国际标准时间
B. 北京时间、当地时间
C. 当地时间、国际标准时间
D. A+B
【单选题】
乘务长应将客舱需维修处填写在___
A. 任务书上
B. 飞行记录本上
C. 客舱维护记录本上
D. 服务质量跟踪表上
【单选题】
旅客在白天供餐时，客舱灯光应调在___
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 100%
D. 以上均可
【单选题】
广播下降安全检查应在飞机落地前___
A. 40分钟
B. 30分钟
C. 15分钟
D. 10分钟
【单选题】
如拉圾筒装满，乘务员可将拉圾倒入___
A. 餐车内
B. 厕所内拉圾筒
C. 储藏柜
D. 纸盒内或餐车内
【单选题】
客舱服务中得到优先关照的应是____。___
A. 公司职员
B. 特殊旅客
C. 外国来宾
D. 妇女儿童
【单选题】
根据老弱病残旅客自卑和自尊并存的心理特点，他们的个性都比较____。___
A. 随意
B. 好强
C. 固执而倔强
D. 坚强
【单选题】
下列哪一种机型担架旅客的固定位置是正确的____。___
A. A320：Y舱第一排ABC座
B. A300：27排CDEF座
C. A340：24排DEFG座
D. MD90：最后三排A、B座
【单选题】
担架旅客的代码是____。___
A. STCR
B. MEDA
C. WCHR
D. DEAF
【单选题】
病残旅客代码STCR相对应的中文名称叫____。___
A. 盲人旅客
B. 担架旅客
C. 聋哑旅客
D. 轮椅旅客
【单选题】
轮椅旅客要____。___
A. 优先登机、优先下机
B. 优先登机、最后下机
C. 最后登机、最后下机
D. 最后登机、优先下机
【单选题】
每一航班上_____。___
A. WCHS、WCHC各限两名
B. WCHS、WCHC不受限制
C. WCHR、WCHS各限一名
D. WCHS或WCHC只限两名
【单选题】
轮椅旅客在每一航班、每一航段内限载二名旅客____。 ___
A. WCHC和WCHS
B. WCHR和WCHS
C. WCHS和WCHF
D. WCHR和WCHC
【单选题】
轮椅旅客的三种不同代码是_____。___
A. STCR、 MEDA、 WCHC
B. BLND 、MEDA、 DEAF
C. BLND 、WCHC 、DEAF
D. WCHR 、WCHC 、WCHS
【单选题】
旅客不能自行上下飞机，但在机舱内可以走到自己的座位上去，这种旅客的代码为_____。___
A. WCHR
B. WCHI
C. WCHS
D. WCHC
【单选题】
搀扶盲人旅客的方法是_____。___
A. 让乘务员拉着盲人旅客的手臂，不断提醒前后左右方位
B. 让盲人旅客拉着乘务员的手臂，不断提醒前后左右方位
C. 让乘务员扶着盲人旅客的身体，不断提醒前后左右方位
D. 让乘务员拉着盲人旅客的手杖，不断提醒前后左右方位
【单选题】
导盲犬可将其安排在旅客座位的_____地板上,导盲犬的头应朝向___。___
A. 右侧 过道
B. 左侧 壁板
C. 前方 旅客本人
D. 前方 过道
【单选题】
对盲人旅客不要介绍的机上设备是_____。___
A. 阅读灯
B. 通风口
C. 呼唤铃
D. 衣帽间
【单选题】
盲人旅客、聋哑旅客的英文代码分别是____。___
A. BLND、STCH
B. BLND、DEAF
C. STCR、DEAF
D. DEMF、BNLD
【单选题】
无成人陪伴儿童空中生活记录》第一联交到达站，第二联交小旅客家属，第三联交_____。___
A. 业务科
B. 分部
C. 检查科
D. 派遣科
【单选题】
《无成人陪伴儿童空中生活记录》上交后需保存_____。___
A. 一年
B. 半年
C. 四个月
D. 三个月
【单选题】
在整个飞行过程中，无成人陪伴儿童的运输文件应有 ____ 保管 。___
A. 区域乘务员
B. 区域乘务长
C. 主任乘务长
D. 机长
