【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
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1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
相关试题
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
【单选题】
______不属于蝇类成虫监测方法。___
A. 诱蝇笼诱捕法
B. 捕蝇网网捕法
C. 直接目测法
D. 路径指数法
推荐试题
【单选题】
某企业本期财务杠杆系数为3，本期息税前利润为600万元，则本期实际利息费用为___
A. 100万元
B. 275万元
C. 400万元
D. 550万元
【单选题】
通过企业资金结构的调整，可以___。
A. 降低经营风险
B. 影响财务风险
C. 提高经营风险
D. 不影响财务风险
【单选题】
某企业借入资本和权益资本的比例为1：1，则该企业___。
A. 只有经营风险
B. 只有财务风险
C. 既有经营风险又有财务风险
D. 没有风险，因为经营风险和财务风险可以相抵消
【单选题】
在个别资本成本的计算中，不用考虑筹资费用影响因素的是___。
A. 长期借款成本
B. 债券成本
C. 保留盈余成本
D. 普通股成本
【单选题】
某公司年营业收入为500万元，变动成本率为40%，经营杠杆系数为1.5，财务杠杆系数为2。如果固定成本增加50万元，那么，总杠杆系数将变为___。
【单选题】
某公司的经营杠杆系数为2，财务杠杆系数为1.6，则该公司销售额每增长1倍，就会造成每股收益增加___。
【单选题】
某企业希望在筹资计划中确定期望的加权平均资本成本，为此需要计算个别资本占全部资本的比重。应采用的计算基础是___。
A. 目标市场价值
B. 目前的市场价值
C. 目前的账面价值
D. 预计的账面价值
【单选题】
既具有抵税效应，又能带来杠杆利益的筹资方式是___。
A. 发行优先股
B. 发行债券
C. 发行普通股
D. 使用内部留存
【单选题】
公司增加10元/股的普通股，本年发放股利为每股0.5元。已知同类股票的预计收益率为10%,则维持此股价需要的鼓励年增长率为___。
A. 4.76%
B. 14.07%
C. 3.52%
D. 11.02%
【单选题】
财务杠杆效应是指___。
A. 提高债务比例导致的所得税降低
B. 利用现金折扣获取的利益
C. 利用债务筹资给企业带来的额外收益
D. 降低债务比例所节约的利息费用
【单选题】
A企业本期息税前利润为1000万元，本期实际利息为200万元，该企业的财务杠杆系数为___。
A. 4.42
B. 1.3
C. 5.51
D. 1.25
【单选题】
根据风险收益对等观念。一般情况下，各筹资方式资本成本由小到大依次是___。
A. 普通股、银行借款、企业债券
B. 银行借款、企业债券、普通股
C. 银行借款、普通股、企业债券
D. 企业债券、普通股、银行借款
【单选题】
某企业本期财务杠系数为3，本期息税前利润为600万元，则本期实际利息费用为___。
A. 550万元
B. 400万元
C. 630万元
D. 300万元
【单选题】
某企业经批准评价发行优先股股票，筹资费率和股息年利率分别为5%和8%，则优先股成本为___。
A. 8.42%
B. 3.26%
C. 5.58%
D. 11.72%
【单选题】
只要企业存在固定成本，当企业息税前利润大于零时，那么经营杠杆系数必___。
A. 恒大于1
B. 与销售量成正比
C. 与固定成本成反比
D. 与风险成反比
【单选题】
假设企业按10%的年利率取得贷款180000元，要求在3年内每年末等额偿还，每年的偿付额应为___元。
A. 72376.36
B. 54380.66
C. 78000
D. 74475.27
【单选题】
某公司拟发行3年期定期付息一次还本债券进行筹资，债券票面金额为100元，票面利率为12%，而当时市场利率为10%，那么，该公司债券发行价格应为___元。
A. 99.12
B. 100.02
C. 104.94
D. 102.14
【单选题】
在计算资本成本时，不需要考虑筹资费用影响的是___。
A. 长期借款成本
B. 长期债券成本
C. 普通股成本
D. 留存收益成本
【单选题】
在计算资金成本时，与所得税有关的资金来源是下述情况中的___。
A. 普通股
B. 优先股
C. 银行借款
D. 留存收益
【单选题】
一般来讲，以下四项中___最低。
A. 长期借款成本
B. 优先股成本
C. 债券成本
D. 普通股成本
【单选题】
某公司发行普通股股票600万元，筹资费用率5%，上年股利率为14%，预计股利每年增长5%，所得税率33%，该公司年末留存50万元未分配利润用做发展之需，则该笔留存收益的成本为___。
A. 14.74%
B. 19.7%
C. 19%
D. 20.47%
【单选题】
某企业要交纳33%的所得税，法定公积金提取10%，在没有纳税调整和弥补亏损的情况下，企业可真正自主分配的部分占利润总额的___。
A. 47%
B. 60.3%
C. 53%
D. 80%
【单选题】
股利决策涉及面很广，其中最主要的是确定___，它会影响公司的报酬率和风险。
A. 股利支付日期
B. 股利支付方式
C. 股利支付比率
D. 股利政策确定
【单选题】
造成股利波动较大，给投资者以公司不稳定的感觉，对于稳定股票价格不利的股利分配政策是___。
A. 剩余股利政策
B. 固定或持续增长的股利政策
C. 固定股利支付率政策
D. 低正常股利加额外股利政策
【单选题】
在下列股利政策中，有利于稳定股票价格，从而树立公司良好形象，但股利的支付与公司盈余相脱节的股利政策是___。
A. 剩余股利政策
B. 固定或持续增长的股利政策
C. 固定股利支付率政策
D. 低正常股利加额外股利政策
【单选题】
主要依靠股利维持生活的股东和养老基金管理人最不赞成的公司股利政策是___。
A. 剩余股利政策
B. 固定或持续增长的股利政策
C. 固定股利支付率政策
D. 低股利加额外股利政策
【单选题】
容易造成股利支付额与本期净利相脱节的股利分配政策是___。
A. 剩余股利政策
B. 固定股利政策
C. 固定股利支付率政策
D. 低正常股利加额外股利政策
【单选题】
企业.用剩余股利分配政策的根本理由是___。
A. 最大限度地用收益满足筹资的需要
B. 向市场传递企业不断发展的信息
C. 使企业保持理想的资本结构
D. 使企业在资金使用上有较大的灵活性
【单选题】
当股份公司目前的每股收益和每股高价分别为2元和20元，现拟实施10送1的送股方案，若股价随股数呈比例变动，则送股后的每股收益和每股市价分别为___元。
A. 1.82；18.18
B. 2；18.18
C. 2；20
D. 1.82；22
【单选题】
发放股票股利，不会产生影响的是___。
A. 引起每股盈余下降
B. 使公司留存大量现金
C. 股东权益各项目的比例发生变化
D. 股东权益总额发生变化
【单选题】
企业制订分配计划时需要考虑多方面的因素，下列不属于公司因素的是___。
A. 公司举债能力
B. 资本积累约束
C. 盈余稳定状况
D. 融资成本
【单选题】
经计算有本年盈利的，提取盈余公积金的基数是___。
A. 累计盈利
B. 本年的税后利润
C. 抵减年初累计亏损后的本年净利润 Ｄ. 加计年初未分配利润的本年净利润
【单选题】
按照剩余股利政策，假定某公司资本结构目标为产权比率2/3，明年计划投资600万元，今年看来股利分配时，应从税后净利中保留___用于投资需要。
A. 400万元
B. 200万元
C. 360万元
D. 240万元
【单选题】
固定股利支付率政策是指___。
A. 先将投资所需的权益资本从盈余中留用，然后将剩余的盈余作为股利予以分配
B. 将每年发放的股利固定在一固定的水平上并在较长时期内不变，只有盈余显著增长时才提高股利发放额
C. 公司确定一个股利占盈余的比例，长期按此比例支付股利的政策
D. 公司一般情况下支付一固定的数额较低的股利，盈余多的年分发放额外股利
【单选题】
某公司原发行普通股300000股，拟发放15%的股票股利，已知原每股盈余为3.68元，若盈余总额不变，发放股票股利后的每股盈余将为___元。
A. 3.2
B. 4.3
C. 0.4
D. 1.1
【单选题】
在盈余一定的条件下，现金股利支付比率越高，资产的流动性___。
A. 越高
B. 越低
C. 不变
D. 可能出现上述任何一种情况
【单选题】
财产股利是以现金以外的资产支付的股利，主要以公司拥有的其他企业的___作为股利支付给股东。
A. 应收账款
B. 应收票据
C. 存货
D. 有价证券
【单选题】
比较而言，下列哪种股利政策使公司在股利发放上具有较大的灵活性___。
A. 低正常股利加额外股利政策
B. 剩余股利政策
C. 固定股利政策
D. 固定股利支付率政策
【单选题】
某股份公司宣布发放10%的股票股利，同时按发放股票股利后的股数所确定的每股现金股利为2元，则某原来拥有100股股票的股东可得现金股利为___元。
A. 220
B. 200
C. 180
D. 160
【单选题】
下列哪个项目不能用于分派股利___。
A. 盈余公积金
B. 资本公积
C. 税后利润
D. 上年未分配利润
