【单选题】
在项目的执行阶段，一个新成员加入了项目团队。项目经理要求他先跟着一个经验丰富的老成员实习一个月。 这种工作跟随方式最有利于 （ ）。
A. 新成员与老成员发展个人友谊
B. 新成员迅速有效地融人团队
C. 新成员学习老成员的显性知识
D. 新成员学习老成员的隐性知识
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A. 也许有这个作用， 但不是工作跟随的主要目的。 B. 这也不是工作跟随的主要目的。 C. 这也不是工作跟随的主要目的。 如果只是学习显性知识， 就没有必要用工作跟 随的方式， 可以用其他更有效的方式。 D.正确答案。 工作跟随（ 徒弟跟师傅） 是用于传递隐性知识的有效手段之一。 考点与页码： 管理项目知识过程的工具， 知识管理， 工作跟随。《 指南》 第 102 ~ 103 页，《 解读》 第 97 页。
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【简答题】
攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。
【简答题】
汽年自从发明以来使交通运输发生了草命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另ー方面，也带来了危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用，有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如，装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样，传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。
【简答题】
常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。
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【简答题】
全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如，年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说，英语变得越来越重要。另一方面，许多海外学子近年来回归祖国，因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流，模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德，更不要说发扬光大，这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。
【简答题】
就我来说，我发现外表往往是靠不住的。譬如，要是你仅凭外表去判断诸如爱德华・海德・伯顿这样的人，你就错了。外表上，伯顿像是个表里一致的人。他个子很小，满头白发，有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛，文雅且坦率。然而，他原来却是十分的残忍。他侮辱和愚弄穷困潦倒的伦尼，让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是，他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问，他是个铁石心肠的家伙。
【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
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【填空题】
209.不影响曲线钢轨磨耗的因素为___。
【填空题】
210.无缝线路在锁定轨温以下时，钢轨内部产生___。
【填空题】
211.无缝线路钢轨温度的升高或下降的温度变化值影响钢轨内部的___。
【填空题】
212.接头阻力由钢轨与接头夹板之间的摩擦阻力和螺栓___提供。
【填空题】
213.下列不属于无缝线路特点的为___。
【填空题】
214.温度应力式无缝线路的温度应力是靠___来解决的。
【填空题】
215.曲线轨距加宽递减如无缓和曲线，则在___。
【填空题】
216.当350m＞R≥300m时，轨距加宽___。
【填空题】
217.半径为___及以下的曲线和道岔导曲线，亦可安装轨距杆和轨撑两种加强设备。
【填空题】
218.库内线列车运行速度控制在___以下。
【填空题】
219.轨道上个别插人短轨时，车辆段场线不得小于___。
【填空题】
220.螺旋道钉锚固时的温度宜保持在___以上。
【填空题】
221.无缝线路旧钢轨应切割成不大于___的短轨，以便于运输。
【填空题】
222.50kg/m钢轨轨端至第一螺栓孔中心距离为___。
【填空题】
223.线路施工作业时，须在符合规定的___带领下进行施工。
【填空题】
224.更换夹板在来车前，最低限度上足___个螺栓。
【填空题】
225.为防止受电弓接触导线接触点落于工作面外，起道高度单股不得超过___。
【填空题】
226.为防止电力机车脱弓，在不侵入建筑接近限界的情况下，拨道作业时，线路一侧拨道量年度累计不得大于___。
【填空题】
227.调高垫板应垫在轨底与大胶垫之间，一般情况下，每处调高垫板不得超过___。
【填空题】
228.无缝线路是由许多根标准长度的钢轨焊接成为不小于___的长钢轨连续铺设的轨道线路。
【填空题】
229.温度应力式无缝线路伸缩区长度根据计算确定，一般为___。
【填空题】
230.定期放散温度应力式无缝线路根据当地轨温条件，把钢轨内部的温度应力每年调整放散___次。
【填空题】
231.滚筒放散法是先封锁线路，然后将钢轨扣件全部松开，拆除长轨条端部的接头夹板，在长轨条底部每隔___放置一滚筒。
【填空题】
232.为设置规定的线路标志和信号标志提供空间路肩宽度不得小于___。
【填空题】
233.路基设置中侧沟的深度和底宽均应不小于___。
【填空题】
234.路基设置中沟底纵向坡度应不小于___。
【填空题】
235.平台宽度根据路堑深度和地层性质等因素确定，一般为___。
【填空题】
236.普通排水沟，底宽一般为___，深度为___。
【填空题】
237.城市轨道轨距采用国家标准，直线轨距为1435mm，曲线地段按___半径给予加宽。
【填空题】
238.线路轨向允许偏差应符合《铁路线路维修规则》的规定：直线方向目视顺直、无甩尾。用___弦测量矢度。
【填空题】
239.如有高低，应对直线地段两股钢轨的高低分别进行检查，检查时，先俯身目视不小于___处钢轨下颚线的高低平顺情况。
【填空题】
240.在日常检查时如高低是向上凸起者，应同时使用___厚垫块，将弦的两端垫起。
【填空题】
241.轨道在短距离范围内的轨面不平顺称之为___。
【填空题】
242.一般来说，整体道床路线，正常性的沉降，在局部范围，不可能___以上的偏差。
【填空题】
243.通过垫板作业完全能够得到解决，碎石道床线路，误差在___以上时，可以采取起道作业办法，但要考虑轨面的顺坡率。
【填空题】
244.当起道量超过___时，必须申报供电系统的接触网部门予以配合。
【填空题】
245.线路上实际存在___形式的钢轨水平误差
【填空题】
246.钢轨中心线与___之间的倾斜度称为轨底坡。
【填空题】
247.线路养护维修时，可根据光带___对轨底坡进行调整。
