【简答题】
攻势已经持续了三天,但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而,要绕到敌人后方,我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰,我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备,不久便投降了。
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【简答题】
汽年自从发明以来使交通运输发生了草命性的变化,永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另ー方面,也带来了危害,尤其是公路死亡事故。然而,现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用,有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如,装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样,传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。
【简答题】
常言道,好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时,求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为,事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。
我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职,年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说,那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。
【简答题】
全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如,年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说,英语变得越来越重要。另一方面,许多海外学子近年来回归祖国,因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流,模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德,更不要说发扬光大,这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。
【简答题】
就我来说,我发现外表往往是靠不住的。譬如,要是你仅凭外表去判断诸如爱德华・海德・伯顿这样的人,你就错了。外表上,伯顿像是个表里一致的人。他个子很小,满头白发,有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛,文雅且坦率。然而,他原来却是十分的残忍。他侮辱和愚弄穷困潦倒的伦尼,让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是,他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问,他是个铁石心肠的家伙。
【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在24h内不能到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送,如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的,应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病,其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本,现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测,取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行,锚位距陆地距离不少于______,或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m;1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中,在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
推荐试题
【多选题】
国境口岸卫生监督员承担对造成___事故进行调查并提出控制措施的职责。
A. 传染病传播
B. 啮齿动物和病媒昆虫扩散
C. 食物中毒
D. 食物污染
【多选题】
___入出境的交通工具,应当由卫生检疫机关实施消毒、除鼠、除虫或者其他卫生处理。
A. 来自检疫传染病疫区的
B. 被检疫传染病污染的
C. 发现有与人类健康有关的啮齿动物或者病媒昆虫,超过国家卫生标准的
D. 发现携带肉类产品的航空器
【多选题】
根据《国境卫生检疫法》及实施细则的规定,___,应当受行政处罚。
A. 拒绝接受检疫或者抵制卫生监督,拒不接受卫生处理的
B. 未经卫生检疫机关实施卫生处理,擅自排放压舱水,移下垃圾、污物等控制的物品的
C. 未经卫生检疫机关实施卫生处理,擅自移运尸体、骸骨的
D. 废旧物品、废旧交通工具,未向卫生检疫机关申报,未经卫生检疫机关实施卫生处理和签发卫生检疫证书而擅自入境、出境或者使用、拆卸的
【多选题】
___入出境交通工具,应当由卫生检疫机关实施卫生处理。
A. 来自检疫传染病疫区的
B. 被检疫传染病污染的
C. 发现有与人类健康有关的啮齿动物或者病媒昆虫,超过国家卫生标准的
D. 装载国外起运经过我国境内的货物,虽未发现重要流行病学意义事件,但在境内换装的
【多选题】
出入境检疫处理单位应当建立有效的___管理制度。
A. 质量控制
B. 效果评价
C. 安全保障
D. 突发事件应急
【多选题】
检疫处理单位应当妥善保存___等相关资料
A. 检疫处理工作记录
B. 检疫处理结果报告单
C. 检疫处理方案
D. 效果评价记录
【多选题】
高风险检疫处理的全过程监管包括___。
A. 检疫处理方案审核
B. 现场操作检查
C. 安全防范监督
D. 处理指征判定
【多选题】
___的出入境集装箱需做卫生处理。
A. 装载废旧物品
B. 发现病媒昆虫
C. 发现啮齿动物或啮齿动物活动迹象
D. 发现其他公共卫生问题
【多选题】
通常情况下,在判定卫生处理指征时所指的“其他公共卫生问题”包括___。
A. 交通工具发现食品、饮用水被病原微生物污染
B. 集装箱、货物发现粪便以及其他腐烂变质物质
C. 尸体骸骨棺柩、特殊物品等发生污染、包装渗漏等情况
D. 发现啮齿动物或病媒昆虫
【多选题】
对卫生处理现场操作进行监管主要重点检查的内容有___。
A. 现场操作与卫生处理操作方案的符合情况
B. 作业人员资质情况
C. 现场操作是否规范
D. 安全防护措施情况
【多选题】
对拟实施卫生处理的对象,在确定检疫处理技术措施时应遵循___原则。
A. 我国有明确处理技术标准、规范或指标的,按照相应的要求实施
B. 我国无明确处理技术标准、规范或指标的,按照海关总署业务主管部门评估认可的技术措施实施
C. 输入国家(地区)官方有具体检疫处理要求的,按照相应的要求实施
D. 企业贸易合同有明确约定的,按照合同约定的要求实施
【多选题】
检疫处理操作现场应与___保持安全距离或有效距离。
A. 工作区
B. 存储区
C. 生活区
D. 药械库
【多选题】
对于需要进行现场监管的卫生处理工作,需要开展的工作有___。
A. 卫生处理现场操作检查
B. 卫生处理效果评价
C. 卫生处理原始单证抽查
D. 卫生处理结果报告单审核
【多选题】
硫酰氟等熏蒸剂的贮存应建立严格的安全贮存、保管、领用、退还登记及___制度。
A. 双人收发与双人记账
B. 双人双锁
C. 双人运输
D. 双人使用
【多选题】
入境集装箱内发现新鲜鼠粪,在货物及其它条件允许的情况下,一般采用熏蒸除鼠法,主要原因包括___。
A. 熏蒸除鼠能达到鼠虫兼杀的效果
B. 熏蒸除鼠可避免开箱引起的鼠及体表寄生虫逃逸
C. 熏蒸除鼠对作业人员个人防护要求最低
D. 熏蒸除鼠达到处理效果所需时间可以预估
【多选题】
___的入境航空器,应实施除虫处理。
A. 来自监测传染病流行区的
B. 被检疫传染病污染的
C. 发现有与人类健康有关的病媒昆虫的
D. 来自检疫传染病流行区的
【多选题】
国境口岸灭蚊可以采用的方法有___。
A. 环境治理
B. 物理防制
C. 化学防制
D. 生物防制
【多选题】
___是国境口岸灭蜱时常用的驱避剂。
A. 避蚊胺
B. 避蚊酯
C. 驱蚊灵
D. 避蚊酮
【多选题】
___属于熏蒸灭鼠药。
A. 残杀威
B. 溴甲烷
C. 硫酰氟
D. 磷化铝
【多选题】
___属于慢性灭鼠剂。
A. 敌鼠钠盐
B. 杀鼠灵
C. 溴敌隆
D. 灭鼠优
【多选题】
卫生处理应有现场工作记录,记录内容应该包括___:
A. 处理对象和方法
B. 卫生处理目的
C. 用药及作用时间
D. 效果评价
【多选题】
采用熏蒸法或(和)喷洒法对入出境黄热病染疫船舶实施卫生处理,须彻底杀灭染疫船舶和隔离、留验场所的___。
A. 埃及伊蚊成虫
B. 埃及伊蚊幼虫
C. 埃及伊蚊卵
D. 白纹伊蚊成虫
【多选题】
___是判定卫生处理消毒效果合格的条件。
A. 染疫或染疫嫌疑对象消毒后不能检出特异病原体
B. 细菌或真菌杀灭率≧99.9%
C. 饮用水、食(饮)具、公共场所空气及其用品等细菌指标符合国家或行业标准
D. 枯草杆菌芽孢变种全部杀灭
【多选题】
___的入境尸体,应当实施卫生处理。
A. 未经消毒、防腐的
B. 经消毒防腐,但未密闭包装的
C. 患检疫传染病死亡的
D. 患炭疽病死亡的
【多选题】
出入境霍乱染疫航空器的卫生处理对象包括___:
A. 染疫人、染疫嫌疑人或其尸体
B. 染疫人的排泄物、呕吐物、剩余食物、污染衣物、座位、用具、食具、玩具
C. 飞机上剩余食物、饮用水
D. 飞机上的苍蝇、蜚蠊
【多选题】
___的入出境列车应采用毒饵或器械除鼠。
A. 来自非鼠疫受染地区且鼠患属轻度的
B. 餐车 、行李车中载有含脂肪性食品和含水分的食品
C. 发现入出境列车中有死因不明鼠类
D. 有鼠且有严重的寄生医学媒介
【多选题】
列车熏蒸除鼠,应根据___计算用药量。
A. 列车蒸熏空间的容积
B. 药物使用浓度
C. 列车卫生状况
D. 现场环境条件
【多选题】
下列关于船舶废弃物化学消毒方法,选择正确的有___:
A. 喷洒消毒——固体废弃物表面
B. 浸泡消毒——体积小或数量少的固体废弃物
C. 直接投药消毒方法——液体废弃物
D. 喷洒消毒——液体废弃物
【多选题】
___属于第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂。
A. 磷化锌
B. 溴敌隆
C. 大隆
D. 杀它仗
【多选题】
对国际航行船舶使用硫酰氟进行熏蒸除鼠,现场操作人员吸入过量硫酰氟,出现了不适症状,同伴应采取的应急措施有___。
A. 应立即将吸入人员移至空气新鲜处
B. 若出现惊厥症状,可使用硫喷妥钠或巴比妥钠
C. 若发生呼吸停止时,应立即进行人工呼吸并估好保暖措施,立即送就近医院救治
D. 应立即为吸入人员戴上自给式呼吸器
【多选题】
航空器的除虫方法有___。
A. 喷洒除虫
B. 毒饵除虫
C. 熏蒸除虫
D. 物理除虫
【多选题】
霍乱染疫船舶的卫生处理对象有___。
A. 饮用水、压船水、废水
B. 排泄物、呕吐物、废弃物
C. 被服及行李物品
D. 生活区
【多选题】
硫酰氟卫生处理作用的对象有___。
A. 啮齿动物
B. 蚊、蠓
C. 蜚蠊、蝇
D. 细菌、病毒
【多选题】
下列关于消毒工作需遵循原则的表述,正确的是___:
A. 消毒顺序由非污染区到污染区,由上风向至下风向
B. 避免选择对设施、设备及货物有损害作用的药剂和方法
C. 对染疫或染疫嫌疑对象,应实施随时消毒和终末消毒
D. 对密闭空间、室内空气、不宜浸湿的物品、需杀灭货物内部病原体的消毒对象,应采用熏蒸法
【多选题】
发生烈性接触性传染病时,表面消毒遵循的顺序原则有___。
A. 先上后下
B. 先左后右
C. 从外到内
D. 由轻度污染区到重度污染区
【多选题】
用___进行熏蒸时,如果中毒没有特效解毒剂。
A. 溴甲烷
B. 硫酰氟
C. 环氧乙烷
D. 磷化氢
【多选题】
当发生卫生处理药物中毒情况后,现场应采取的急救措施有___。
A. 迅速将污染区域内的所有人员转移至毒害源上风向的安全区域,以免毒物进一步侵入。
B. 立即脱去污染的衣服、鞋袜、手套,用大量流动清水冲洗
C. 心脏、呼吸停止的,应立即进行心肺复苏
D. 意识丧失的患者,应注意瞳孔、呼吸、脉搏及血压的变化
【多选题】
___的入出境列车应采用熏蒸除鼠。
A. 被判定为鼠疫受染、受染嫌疑人的,来自鼠疫受染地区需要除鼠的
B. 发现有死因不明鼠类的
C. 具有中度以上鼠患的
D. 有鼠且有严重的寄生医学媒介的
【多选题】
___属于器械灭鼠。
A. 鼠夹法
B. 鼠笼法
C. 熏蒸法
D. 粘鼠板法
【多选题】
下列关于入境黄热病染疫船舶实施卫生处理的表述,正确的是___:
A. 卸货应在海关监督下于灭蚊后进行
B. 参加卫生处理的人员要穿着防护服防止蚊子叮咬,身体暴露部位涂抹驱避剂
C. 对船上的积水、船舶环境、货物等实施灭蚊,彻底杀灭各类蚊成虫、幼虫、卵
D. 处理合格后,签发卫生处理证书,并在《船舶卫生控制措施证书》上予以签注