【简答题】
攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。
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【简答题】
汽年自从发明以来使交通运输发生了草命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另ー方面，也带来了危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用，有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如，装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样，传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。
【简答题】
常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。
我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。
【简答题】
全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如，年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说，英语变得越来越重要。另一方面，许多海外学子近年来回归祖国，因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流，模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德，更不要说发扬光大，这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。
【简答题】
就我来说，我发现外表往往是靠不住的。譬如，要是你仅凭外表去判断诸如爱德华・海德・伯顿这样的人，你就错了。外表上，伯顿像是个表里一致的人。他个子很小，满头白发，有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛，文雅且坦率。然而，他原来却是十分的残忍。他侮辱和愚弄穷困潦倒的伦尼，让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是，他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问，他是个铁石心肠的家伙。
【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
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【判断题】
公安民警着装时，应当随身携带《公安机关人民警察证》
【判断题】
人的心理健康水平大致分为常态心理、.失调心理、病态心理
【单选题】
错觉是指
A. 不正确的知觉
B. 不正确的感觉
C. 对从未经历过的事物有熟悉感
D. 对客观事物部分属性产生了错误的感觉
E. 对已知的事物有未经历的陌生
【单选题】
病人尝到食物中并不存在的某种特殊的或奇怪的味道见于
A. 幻听
B. 幻嗅
C. 幻味
D. 幻视
E. 幻触
【单选题】
思维活动表现为不必要的过分详尽的累赘描述，以致一些无意 义的繁文细节掩盖了主要的内容见于
A. 思维散漫
B. 思维迟缓
C. 思维破裂
D. 思维中断
E. 病理性赘述
【单选题】
最常见的一种妄想是
A. 关系妄想
B. 被害妄想
C. 夸大妄想
D. 罪恶妄想
E. 嫉妒妄想。
【单选题】
被控制妄想与被害妄想最常见于哪种疾病？
A. 精神分裂症
B. 神经症
C. 抑郁症
D. 恐惧症
E. 焦虑症
【单选题】
下列说法错误的是，
A. 注意增强是主动注意的增强
B. 注意减退是注意的稳定性显著下降
C. 注意转移是注意对象不断地转换
D. 注意涣散为被动注意的明显减弱
E. 注意狭窄是注意的广度明显缩小
【单选题】
下列属于记忆障碍的是，
A. 错构
B. 虚构
C. 记忆增强
D. 记忆减退
E. 以上都是
【单选题】
关于虚构正确的是，
A. 虚构常见于癔症
B. 虚构的内容多固定不变
C. 虚构的内容较真实
D. 虚构常瞬间即忘
E. 虚构属于错构的一种
【单选题】
关于自知力的描述不正确的是
A. 又称领悟力障碍
B. 精神病人一般无自制力缺失
C. 是病人对自身精神障碍的认知能力
D. 神经病病人有自知力
E. 病情严重时自制力丧失
【单选题】
缄默不语，不吃不喝，保持一个固定的姿势，僵住不动见于
A. 木僵
B. 蜡样屈曲
C. 作态
D. 模仿动作
E. 缄默症
【单选题】
病人做出古怪的，愚蠢的，幼稚做作的动作，姿势步态与表情称
A. 木僵
B. 蜡样屈曲
C. 作态
D. 模仿动作
E. 缄默症。
【单选题】
意识清晰度下降最轻的意识障碍是，
A. 意识浑浊
B. 嗜睡
C. 梦样状态
D. 朦胧状态
E. 谵妄状态
【单选题】
夜视清晰度降低情况下，又有意识范围的缩小和狭窄见于，
A. 意识浑浊
B. 嗜睡
C. 梦样状态
D. 朦胧状态
E. 谵妄状态
【单选题】
幻觉妄想综合征描述正确的是，
A. 以妄想为主
B. 多见于神经症的病人
C. 其特点是幻觉和妄想密切结合
D. 又称妄想幻觉综合征
E. 伴有感知障碍
【单选题】
精神障碍综合征描述错误的是，
A. 知，情，意各方面的精神症状之间存在着有机的内在联系
B. 包括感知觉障碍综合征
C. 并常伴有躯体症状或生理，社会功能变化
D. 在某一疾病过程中，有些症状或同时发生
E. 常见的综合征有幻觉妄想综合征，紧张综合征
【单选题】
某神经症患者，感到阳光特别耀眼，声音特别刺耳，颜色显得不自然得格外清楚，普通的气味异常刺鼻。此症状属于，
A. 感觉减退
B. 感觉增强
C. 感觉倒退
D. 错觉
E. 幻觉
【单选题】
某精神分裂症患者有内脏被捏、拉、膨胀、虫爬、刀割、舌头在动等体验此症状为
A. 内感性不适
B. 错觉
C. 幻觉
D. 妄想
E. 内脏性幻觉
【单选题】
男，22岁，向医生诉说:“经常听见别人的脚步声在说话，很烦人。”原来每当有人经过时，他就听到别人的脚步声中发出一个陌生的声音在骂他“笨蛋，笨蛋……”此症状属于
A. 幻听
B. 幻嗅
C. 幻味
D. 幻视
E. 幻触
【单选题】
男，28岁，临床诊断为躁狂症。医生几乎无法打断他的话，问他姓什么，他答:“姓王，大王的王，王者之气，气冲霄汉，直捣黄龙，杨子荣打虎上山……”此症状属于思维障碍中的
A. 思维迟缓
B. 思维奔逸
C. 思维散漫
D. 思维破裂
E. 思维中断
【单选题】
男，15岁，一年来逐渐出现性格古怪。不敢吃猪肝， 说:“吃了猪肝自己会变成猪。”自称:“大脑神经细胞被人偷窃了”入院后诊断为精神分裂症。其症状为
A. 思维扩散
B. 语词新作
C. 病理性抽象思维
D. 逻辑倒错思维
E. 妄想
【单选题】
病人经常双臂舞动，有时将左腿放在右腿上，问其含义，解释为“左腿代表依靠群众，右腿代表克服困难，左腿放在右腿上，是依靠群众克服困难。”下列判断正确的是
A. 语词新作
B. 逻辑倒错思维
C. 病理性抽象思维
D. 思维破裂
E. 妄想。
【单选题】
病人女，21岁，精神分裂症。近半年来，病人不愿与人接触，以致不愿去上班追问病人说:“不知为什么，街上的人的行为都是针对我的，如果有人点头和笑表示我做对了，摇头是告诉我做错了。”此为
A. 夸大妄想
B. 被害妄想
C. 关系妄想
D. 罪恶妄想
E. 嫉妒妄想
【单选题】
病人坚信自己的配偶对自己不忠和对配偶的跟踪，盯梢，暗中检查配偶的衣服，床单，窥查配偶的提包，信件，已寻觅私通情人的证据。下列判断正确的是
A. 夸大妄想
B. 被害妄想
C. 关系妄想
D. 钟情妄想
E. 嫉妒妄想。
【单选题】
病人毫无疑根据地坚信自己患了某种严重躯体疾病或不治之症。此症见于
A. 罪恶妄想
B. 关系妄想
C. 嫉妒妄想
D. 疑病妄想
E. 被害妄想
【单选题】
男，29岁，断言半年来姑母要害他而入院，诊断为精神分裂症，坚信姑母要将表妹强嫁于他。问他这种想法的根据时，病人说一天他去姑母家，表妹拿了一叠玫瑰酥与核桃酥请他吃。他认为玫瑰是爱情的表示，核桃是合起来志同道合的意思，因而他断定表妹看中了他，并说以后姑母又串通其他人采取了一系列的行动，逼他就范，此症状为
A. 夸大妄想
B. 被害妄想
C. 关系妄想
D. 钟情妄想
E. 嫉妒妄想
【单选题】
女，30岁，近两年来常重复出现下列想法:认为他可能把癌传到他家里，尤其怕把癌传给他的父母，为了减少传播癌的可能性，她开始过渡洗涤，每天洗手达125次，每日三块肥皂，还要反复洗澡，对此症状判断正确的是
A. 强迫观念
B. 超价观念
C. 注意增强
D. 感觉过敏
E. 注意狭窄
【单选题】
女，17岁，诊断为精神分裂症，家长也发现他长时间看书可达几个小时不抬头，实际上没有翻动一页，也说不出到底看了什么内容，学习成绩急剧下降，使症状为
A. 注意增强
B. 注意转移
C. 注意减退
D. 注意涣散
E. 注意狭窄
【单选题】
病人将钥匙倒过来开门，筷子倒过来吃饭，但对某些复杂问题反而能正确回答解决，如能下象棋，打牌，一般生活问题都能解决，以上症状属于
A. 假性痴呆
B. 童样痴呆
C. 部分性痴呆
D. 全面性痴呆
E. 精神发育迟滞。
【单选题】
某病人怀疑有人要害自己，在饭菜里下毒，经治疗后认为以前的想法是不现实的，但仍认为有人监视自己。下列判断正确的是
A. 定向力完整
B. 不会有暴力行为
C. 可以出院
D. 自知力丧失
E. 自知力部分恢复
【单选题】
病人讲话语音高昂，眉飞色舞，喜笑颜开，表情丰富，洋洋自得，以致盛气凌人，傲慢自负和引人发笑，常常带有明显的夸大色彩，使症状为
A. 情感高涨
B. 情感低落
C. 恐惧
D. 焦虑
E. 欣快感
【单选题】
女，16岁，被狗咬后怕狗害怕的对象范围从大狗到宠物小狗，再到玩具狗，最后发展到一切与狗有关的事情。上述症状属于
A. 情感高涨
B. 情感低落
C. 恐惧
D. 焦虑
E. 欣快感。
【单选题】
病人，女，40岁，病人住院期间，医生告诉他，其母因意外去世，病人听后哈哈大笑，使症状为
A. 情感高涨
B. 情感幼稚
C. 情感倒错
D. 易激惹
E. 情感矛盾
【单选题】
男，25岁，精神分列症。患者的行为总是自相矛盾而难以被人理解。他认为邻居对他下毒，多次打110报警，每次警察来后，他又千方百计阻挠警察对邻居进行调查，并努力为邻居开脱责任。下列判断正确的是
A. 意志增强
B. 意志减弱
C. 意志缺乏
D. 矛盾意向
E. 意向倒错
【单选题】
患者女性，60岁，近一周来夜间出现行为紊乱，伴，幻视，表情紧张，恐惧，出现不协调性精神运动性兴奋，其症状在夜间加重，考虑患者处于
A. 谵妄状态
B. 痴呆状态
C. 抑制状态
D. 木僵状态
E. 幻觉妄想状态
【单选题】
马克思主义从创立者上说是（ ）。
A. 关于自然.社会和人类思维发展一般规律的学说
B. 关于资本主义社会发展的学说
C. 马克思恩格斯创立并为后继者所不断发展的科学理论体系
D. 共产主义的学说
