【单选题】
(6) What is a main unique aspect of pharmacodynamics?___
A. Pharmacodynamics is an experimental medical science
B. Pharmacodynamics is focused on the characteristics of drugs
C. Pharmacodynamics borrows freely from both the subject matter and the experimenta techniques of physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics and pathology
D. Pharmacodynamics correlates the entire field of preclinical medicine
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【单选题】
7) What time of history does pharmacodynamics date back to?___
A. the second half of the seventeenth century
B. the second half of the eighteenth century
C. the second half of the nineteenth century
D. the second half of the twentieth century
【单选题】
8)What does the research on pharmacodynamics focus on?___
A. study of clinical effect of drugs
B. study of the process of drugs in the body
C. study of the effect and the mechanism of drugs on the body
D. study of the correlation of the actions and effects of drugs with their chemical structure
【单选题】
(9)Which of the following is true when drugs are selected?___
A. It has to be based in part on legal reasons.
B. It has to be based in part on ethical reasons.
C. It has to be based in part on the pharmacological evaluation in man
D. It has to be based in part on the pharmacological evaluation in animals
【单选题】
(10)Why are chemotherapeutic agents useful in therapy?___
A. They stimulate or depress biochemical or physiological function in man in a sufficiently reproducible manner to provide relief of symptoms or, ideally, to alter favorably the course of disease
B. They can produce desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects
C. They have only minimal effects on man but can destroy or eliminate parasites
D. The selectivity of their effects is one of their most important characteristics
【单选题】
1)H. Mario Geysen initially used parallel synthesis as a quick way to identify which small_____ of any given large protein bound to an antibody.___
A. division
B. pieces
C. part
D. fragment
【单选题】
2)Chemists often start a combinatorial synthesis by attaching the first set of building blocks_____ to microscopic beads made of polystyrene.___
A. solid
B. inert
C. soft
D. active
【单选题】
3）The chemical reactions required to link compounds to the beads and later to detach them____ to the synthesis proces.___
A. induce complications
B. make easy
C. introduce complications
D. introduce easy
【单选题】
4)In a parallel synthesis, all the products are_____ separately in their own reaction vessels.___
A. combined
B. assembled
C. joined
D. assorted
【单选题】
(5)In many laboratories today, robots assist with the routine work of parallel synthesis, such as small___ amounts of reactive molecules into the appropriate wells.___
A. sending
B. transporting
C. delivering
D. giving
【单选题】
(6)Scientists can pull out from the mixture the beads that bear biologically active molecules and then,using sensitive detection techniques,___ the molecular makeup of the compound attached.___
A. determine
B. make sure
C. find
D. search
【单选题】
(7)Most pharmaceutical companies today continue to___ parallel synthesis. Which of the following is not appropriate to be filled in the blank?___
A. count in
B. count on
C. depend on
D. rely on
【单选题】
(8)Once they identify a promising substance, they___ make many one-at-a-time modifications to the structure.___
A. laboriously
B. hardly
C. easy
D. effectively
【单选题】
(9)Often these procedures yield a compound having acceptable___ and safety.___
A. strength
B. effect
C. potency
D. effort
【单选题】
10)In many laboratories today, robots___ the routine work of parallel synthesis.___
A. help
B. assist with
C. assist in
D. assist to
【单选题】
(1)Pharmaceutics is an interdisciplinary subject involving___
A. formulation, manufacturing, physical pharmacy, and biopharmaceutics
B. manufacturing
C. physical pharmacy
D. biopharmaceutics
【单选题】
（2）Formulation is about the design, development and evaluation of dosage forms,___
A. discovery of novel drugs
B. analytical methods
C. drug delivery systems and manufacturing process
D. dosing regimen
【单选题】
(3)Biopharmaceutics mainly studies the in vivo process of drugs and metabolites in humans, animals and tissue culture, which specifically involves___
A. absorption and distribution
B. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
C. metabolism and excretion
D. absorption and excretion
【单选题】
(4)Regarding the definition of bioavailability(BA), BA is related to___
A. total plasma drug concentration only
B. unbound drug concentration in the plasma
C. unbound drug concentration at the target site
D. total plasma drug concentration, and the administered drug dose
【单选题】
(5)Plasma drug concentration is affected by following factors such as___
A. rate of absorption
B. rate and extent of distribution
C. rate ofeli Imination
D. all ofabove
【单选题】
6)Which of the following routes of administration will involve the absorption of drugs?___
A. i.v.injection
B. i.v.infusion
C. Subcutaneous injection, transdermal and oral
D. None of above
【单选题】
（7）Which of the following factors may influence the time course of a drug in the plasma and hence at its site of action?___
A. Food
B. Disease state
C. Route of administration
D. All of above
【单选题】
(8)Please identify the potential biological barriers for an orally administered tablet to be absorbed into the systemic circulation___
A. Sk d dermis
B. Gastrointestinal epithelium
C. Oral mucosal membrane
D. All of above
【单选题】
(9) Given the same administration dose, which of the following will likely result in varying bioavailabilities for the same drug administered to the same person? ___
A. tablets (p.o. )vs. solutions(p0.)
B. solutions for injection(i v )vs oral solutions(p0.)
C. coated tablets (p.0. )vs hard gelatin capsules(p0.)
D. All ofabove
【单选题】
(10)Which of the following statements is true?___
A. Bioavailability is only related to the administered dose and the total drug concentration in the blood circulation.
B. Plasma protein binding does not affect the bioavailability of a specific drug.
C. A given drug in different dosage forms may show differences in bioavailability if given by the same route.
D. Biopharmaceutical studies do not involve animal experiment.
【判断题】
Much of our present physiological knowledge has been found from the experiments and studies on human beings.
【判断题】
Living cells break down glucose and fats to provide energy for other activities, which is called.
【判断题】
The right atriapumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.
【判断题】
The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells.
【判断题】
With the level of sodium increasing extracelular fruid. the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract.
【判断题】
A negative feedback loop is a control system that acts to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance
【判断题】
(1)Pharmacodynamics, which is concerned with the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action, Is an experimental medical science.
【判断题】
2)It's unreasonable for a physician to be interested mainly in the effects of drugs on human beings, for the pharmacological evaluation of drugs in them may be limited due to technical, legal, and ethical reasons.
【判断题】
（3） As the effects of drugs are often characterized by significant interspecies variation and may be further modified by disease, clinical pharmacology has never been efibrasized.
【判断题】
The physician is not interested in drugs that are useful in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human disease, but in chemical agents that are commonly responsible for household and industrial poisoning as well as environmental pollution.
【判断题】
(5)A drug is said to be useful in therapy if it has the ability to produce its desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects.
【判断题】
(6)Toxicology deals not only with drugs used in therapy but also with many other chemicals that may be responsible for household, environmental, or industrial intoxication.
【判断题】
1)With the more efficient screening tests and burgeoning knowledge about how a molecules biological activities are likely to be changed, the traditional approach of discovering new drugs has been improved.
【判断题】
2)With the parallel synthesis used to identify which small segment of any given large protein would bind to an antibody, Mario Geysen generated a variety of short protein fragments by combining multiple amino acids in different permutations.
【判断题】
)A parallel synthesis and a split-and-mix synthesis are different in that in a split-and-mix synthesis, all the products are assembled separately n their respective reaction vessels.
【判断题】
4) In many laboratories, robots are used in the routine work of parallel synthesis to deliver small amounts of reactive molecules into appropriate wells, thus making the process more accurate and less tedious.
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三显示自动闭塞区段通过色灯信号机显示一个绿色灯光，准许列车按规定速度运行，表示运行前方至少有___闭塞分区空闲。
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四显示自动闭塞区段的通过色灯信号机比三显示自动闭塞区段的通过色灯信号机多了___灯光的显示方式。
A. 两个绿色
B. 两个黄色
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【单选题】
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【单选题】
四显示自动闭塞区段，通过色灯信号机显示一个绿色灯光和一个黄色灯光，准许列车按规定速度运行，要求注意准备减速，表示运行前方有___个闭塞分区空闲。
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【单选题】
预告色灯信号机（不含遮断信号机的预告信号机）显示一个___灯光， 表示主体信号机在关闭状态。
【单选题】
当进站信号机开放一个绿色灯光和一个黄色灯光时，其接近信号机将会显示___灯光。
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B. 一个黄色灯光
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调车色灯信号机显示一个___灯光时，准许越过该信号机调车。
【单选题】
驼峰色灯信号机显示一个红色闪光灯光，指示机车车辆自驼峰___。
【单选题】
驼峰色灯信号机显示___——指示机车车辆加速向驼峰推进。
A. 一个绿色
B. 一个绿色闪光灯光
C. 一个绿色灯光和一个黄色灯光
【单选题】
驼峰色灯辅助信号机及其复示信号机显示一个黄色灯光，指示机车车辆向驼峰___推送。
【单选题】
进站信号机的色灯复示信号机无显示表示主体信号机在___状态。
【单选题】
发车进路信号机的色灯复示信号机显示一个绿色灯光——表示主体信号机在___状态。
【单选题】
在自动闭塞区段，当列车接近的通过信号机显示容许信号时，机车信号机显示一个___灯光。
【单选题】
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【单选题】
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无线调车灯显信号显示绿、黄灯交替后绿灯长亮，表示___信号。
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列车运行中，遇昼间两臂高举头上向两侧急剧摇动，夜间白色灯光上下急剧摇动，司机应立即___。
【单选题】
列车运行中，遇昼间展开的___信号旗，司机需将列车降低到要求的速度。
【单选题】
调车手信号指挥机车向显示人反方向去的信号，昼间用展开的绿色信号旗、夜间用绿色灯光___。
A. 在下部左右摇动
B. 上下摇动
C. 上下小动
【单选题】
调车手信号指挥机车向显示人方向稍行移动的信号，昼间为拢起的红色信号旗直立平举，再用展开的绿色信号旗___。
【单选题】
联系用手信号显示股道号码时，夜间白色灯光左右摇动后，从左下方向右上方高举，表示股道开通___道。
【单选题】
联系用手信号显示股道号码时，夜间白色灯光作圆形转动，表示股道开通___道。
【单选题】
联系用手信号显示股道号码时，昼间右臂向右平伸，左臂向右下斜45°角，表示股道开通___道。
【单选题】
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联系用手信号显示十、五、三车距离信号中的“十车”（约110米）信号时，昼间的显示方式为展开的绿色信号旗单臂平伸连续下压 ___次。
【单选题】
夜间机车出入段时的道岔开通信号为：___灯光高举头上左右摇动。
【单选题】
降弓手信号在昼间的显示方式为左臂垂直高举，右臂___并左右水平重复摇动。
【单选题】
升弓手信号在夜间的显示方式为白色灯光作___。
A. 圆形转动
B. 左右重复摇动
C. 上下摇动
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道岔表示器夜间显示___灯光时，表示道岔位置开通直向。
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调车表示器向调车区方向显示一个白色灯光，表示准许机车车辆___。
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司机发现（或接到通知）邻线发生障碍，应向邻线上的列车发出___信号。
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