刷题
导入试题
【单选题】
在阐明团队成员的角色与职责时, 哪种类型更为详细:
A. 层级式
B. 矩阵式
C. 文本式
D. 上述都不对
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答案
C
解析
答案: C, 参考 PMBOK316, 文本式最为详细的描述了团队成员的角色与职责。
相关试题
【单选题】
使用以下哪种结构来把组织中的部门与项目中的工作包联系起来:
A. 工作分解结构
B. 资源分解结构
C. 风险分解结构
D. 组织分解结构
【单选题】
责任分配矩阵具有以下作用, 除了:
A. 反映与每个人有关的所有活动
B. 反映与每个活动有关的所有人
C. 为每个工作指定唯一责任点
D. 使每个人都只负责一项工作
【单选题】
为了更好的阐述个人、 组织和部门的行为方式, 让团队有一个统一的规范, 项目组应该使用:
A. 组织理论
B. 会议
C. 数据分析
D. 引导
【单选题】
项目经理通过组织理论制定资源管理计划时, 特别提到了“有些员工天生是不喜欢工作的, 只要有可能,他们就会想办法逃避”, 这是一个:
A. 相信 X 理论的信息
B. 相信 Y 理论的信息
C. 保健因素
D. 激励因素
【单选题】
规划资源管理过程的输入是:
A. 项目章程
B. 资源管理计划
C. 团队章程
D. 资源分解结构
【单选题】
关于团队章程, 说法错误的是:
A. 团队章程为创建团队价值观、 共识和工作指南的文件
B. 团队章程由项目经理或高层制定, 不能有团队成员制定
C. 所有团队成员都应该遵守团队章程, 都分担责任
D. 尽早认可并遵守明确的规则, 有助于减少误解、 提高生产力
【单选题】
估算活动资源的工具与技术不包括:
A. 类比估算
B. 参数估算
C. 备选方案分析
D. 亲和图
【单选题】
估算活动资源的输出是:
A. 资源需求、 估算依据、 资源分解结构、 资源管理计划
B. 资源需求、 估算依据、 资源分解结构、 项目文件
C. 估算依据、 资源分解结构、 资源管理计划、 项目文件
D. 估算依据、 工作分解结构、 资源管理计划、 项目文件
【单选题】
项目经理和团队在获取资源的过程中, 可能采用决策技术来选择资源, 一般选择标准包括:
A. 可用性、 独特性、 时间要求
B. 可用性、 成本、 个人风格
C. 可用性、 成本、 能力
D. 可用性、 独特性、 个人风格
【单选题】
人员的预分配不适用于:
A. 在投标文件中指定的人员
B. 具有特定知识和技能的人员
C. 项目章程中任命的项目经理
D. 合同中要求的优秀人员
【单选题】
具有共同目标、 在完成角色任务的过程中很少或没有时间面对面工作的一群人, 被称为:
A. 项目团队
B. 虚拟团队
C. 管理团队
D. 物理团队
【单选题】
项目团队在哪个过程获取资源:
A. 启动过程
B. 规划过程
C. 执行过程
D. 监控过程
【单选题】
以下都是获取资源的最终输出, 除了:
A. 实物资源分配单
B. 团队成员派工单
C. 资源日历
D. 批准的变更请求
【单选题】
一个新员工被安排负责项目的资源保障工作, 她必须了解项目可用资源的种类、 属性、 何时可用, 以及可用多长时间等信息, 这时你建议她可以去查阅:
A. WBS 词典
B. 采购管理计划
C. 资源日历
D. 资源管理计划
【单选题】
项目经理正在想办法改进团队协作、 增强人际关系技能、 激励员工、 减少摩擦, 以便提升整体项目绩效, 项目经理正在:
A. 组建团队
B. 建设团队
C. 管理团队
D. 控制团队
【单选题】
团队发展的塔克曼模型顺序是:
A. 形成、 震荡、 规范、 成熟、 解散
B. 磨合、 震荡、 规范、 成熟、 解散
C. 规范、 磨合、 震荡、 成熟、 解散
D. 形成、 规范、 提高、 成熟、 解散
【单选题】
在矩阵型项目组织中, 项目经理可能面临来自不同部门的人员分散在各自部门兼职工作, 为了增强团队建设, 项目经理最好使用以下哪个工具与技术:
A. 认可与奖励
B. 集中办公
C. 培训
D. 团队理论
【单选题】
为了更好的促进虚拟团队相互理解, 可采用的沟通技术包括以下所有, 哪种方式最不可取:
A. 共享门户
B. 视频会议
C. 电子邮件/聊天软件
D. 频繁出差会面
【单选题】
哪个理论认为, 个人不同程度上的成就需要、 权力需要、 亲和需要, 三种需要行为, 管理者应该根据个人更重视的需要来制定激励措施:
A. 麦克利兰的成就动机理论
B. 费鲁姆的期望理论
C. 赫兹伯格的双因素理论
D. 麦格雷格的 XY 理论
【单选题】
认可与奖励应该针对:
A. 只有少数团队成员能够做到的事情
B. 人人都能做到的行为
C. 大多数人能做到的行为
D. 解决管理层不能解决的问题的能力
【单选题】
如果团队成员的技能无法达标, 需要对他们进行培训时, 应该根据哪个文件安排来进行:
A. 资源管理计划
B. 相关方参与计划
C. 团队章程
D. 团队绩效评价
【单选题】
个人和团队评估有利于:
A. 团队技能的提高
B. 替代培训
C. 增进团队成员之间的理解
D. 提前完成项目工作
【单选题】
团队评价绩效指标不包括:
A. 个人技能的提升
B. 团队能力的提升
C. 团队成员离职率降低
D. 客户满意度的提高
【单选题】
管理项目团队过程时, 需要借助哪些工具与技术, 除了:
A. 冲突管理
B. 专家判断
C. 情商
D. 项目管理信息系统
【单选题】
为了在管理过程中让团队成员能够有更好的表现和工作动力, 项目经理应该:
A. 向团队成员分配大量的工作
B. 向团队成员分配富有挑战性的工作
C. 向团队成员分配具有崭新技术的工作
D. 向团队成员分配领导安排的工作
【单选题】
你所负责的项目正在面临来自组织层面的各种冲突, 在项目环境中, 冲突往往来自:
A. 资源稀缺、 进度优先级、 个人工作风格等
B. 资源稀缺、 成本优先级、 个人工作风格等
C. 个人工作风格、 团队性格差异、 组织文化差异等
D. 个人工作风格、 团队性格差异、 沟通语言差异等
【单选题】
关于冲突管理, 说法错误的是:
A. 冲突不可避免
B. 任何冲突都应该以正式的方式解决
C. 如果管理得当, 冲突有利于提高创造力和改进决策
D. 如果冲突发生了, 首先应该由团队成员自己去解决
【单选题】
哪种冲突解决办法是“双赢”的结果:
A. 撤退/回避
B. 妥协/调解
C. 强迫/命令
D. 合作/解决问题
【单选题】
两位团队成员就某个争议问题进行讨论, 她们最终强调了争议问题的一致性, 而非差异, 以通过维持和谐与关系而退让一步, 考虑其他方面的需要。 这是一个:
A. 撤退/回避
B. 缓和/包容
C. 妥协/调解
D. 强迫/命令
【单选题】
项目管理团队在进行有效决策时, 应该考虑以下所有内容, 哪个除外:
A. 着眼于所要达到的目标
B. 遵循决策流程
C. 理解风险
D. 考虑团队成员物理位置的分布
【单选题】
识别、 评估和管理个人情绪、 他人情绪以及团队情绪的能力, 是:
A. 智商
B. 情商
C. 能力
D. 协作
【单选题】
项目经理正在展示诸如说服他人, 清晰表达观点和立场, 积极且有效倾听, 了解并综合考虑各种观点等能力, 项目经理正在使用:
A. 领导力
B. 影响力
C. 决策
D. 管理
【单选题】
在项目资源管理过程中, 控制资源更多关注:
A. 人力资源
B. 实物资源
C. 固定资产
D. 流动资产
【单选题】
问题解决的步骤是:
A. 识别问题、 定义问题、 调查、 分析、 检查解决方案、 解决
B. 定义问题、 识别问题、 调查、 分析、 解决、 检查解决方案
C. 识别问题、 定义问题、 调查、 分析、 解决、 检查解决方案
D. 定义问题、 识别问题、 调查、 分析、 检查解决方案、 解决
【单选题】
一个项目团队成员已经完成了该项目的工作, 下面哪项是项目经理必须做的:
A. 提供该团队成员的项目工作副本
B. 更新这个团队成员的工作记录, 记载获得的新技能
C. 邀请她/他出息项目收尾酒会
D. 检查并确认她/他对自己的绩效满意
【单选题】
光环效应反应了一种倾向:
A. 从内部晋升
B. 聘用最好的人才
C. 由于一些人在技术领域干的不错, 而被调配到了项目经理的岗位
D. 由于一些人接受过良好的培训, 而被调配到了项目经理的岗位
【单选题】
在敏捷项目管理中, 项目经理( 敏捷中可能不直接这么称呼) 的领导风格属于:
A. 交易型
B. 变革型
C. 服务型
D. 魅力型
【单选题】
项目经理与团队成员之间很少或没有相互的交流信息, 以此为特征的管理方式称为:
A. 放任型
B. 交易型
C. 服务型
D. 变革型
【单选题】
项目经理投入在沟通上的时间占比是:
A. 50%
B. 90%
C. 30%
D. 40%-60%
【单选题】
你正在向某位团队成员确认有关她工作进展的情况, 这属于哪个维度的沟通:
A. 向上沟通
B. 向下沟通
C. 横向沟通
D. 发散沟通
推荐试题
【单选题】
事物的联系和运动之间的关系___
A. 相互联系构成运动
B. 运动和发展引起质变
C. 发展引起运动
D. 普遍联系和永恒发展
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的总特征是___
A. 量变和质变的观点
B. 辩证否定的观点
C. 联系和发展的观点
D. 对立统一的观点
【单选题】
___
A. 事物的联系是普遍的、无条件的
B. 事物的联系是现实的、具体的
C. 事物的运动是客观的、绝对的
D. 事物发展的根本原因是事物的内部矛盾
【单选题】
“割下来的手就不再是人手”这句话体现了___
A. 形而上学片面的、孤立的观点
B. 辩证法普遍联系的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 诡辩论的观点
【单选题】
唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___
A. 事物数量的增加
B. 事物根本性质的变化
C. 事物的一切运动变化
D. 新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
【单选题】
区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___
A. 是不是在新的历史条件下出现的
B. 是不是符合事物发展规律、有强大生命力
C. 是不是具有新形式和新特点
D. 是不是得到绝大多数人的承认
【单选题】
质量互变规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋势
【单选题】
质和事物的存在是___
A. 相互对立的
B. 相互包含的
C. 直接同一的
D. 相互转化的
【单选题】
在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,其关键在于___
A. 抓住事物的主要矛盾
B. 确定事物的质
C. 认识事物的量
D. 把握事物的度
【单选题】
区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___
A. 事物的变化是否显著
B. 事物的变化是否迅速
C. 事物的某些属性是否发生了变化
D. 事物的变化是否超出度的范围
【单选题】
量变的复杂性是指___
A. 量变的程度发展不同
B. 量变形式的多样性和总的量变过程中有部分质变
C. 质变中有量的扩张
D. 量变有在度的范围内的变化和突破度的范围的变化
【单选题】
量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___
A. 事物内部各部分之间变化的不平衡性
B. 事物整体与某些构成部分之间变化的不平衡性
C. 事物与事物之间变化的不平衡性
D. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化的不平衡性
【单选题】
量变中的局部性部分质变是___
A. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化不平衡性的表现
B. 事物的各个部分之间变化不平衡性的表现
C. 事物的内部矛盾和外部条件变化不平衡性的表现
D. 事物的量和质变化不平衡性的表现
【单选题】
揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展规律
【单选题】
“肯定和否定相互渗透,在一定意义上,肯定就是否定。”这是一种___
A. 相对主义诡辩论的观点
B. 唯物辩证法的观点
C. 主观唯心主义的观点
D. 形而上学的观点
【单选题】
事物的否定方面是指___
A. 事物的积极方面
B. 事物的消极方面
C. 事物中维持其存在的方面
D. 事物中促使其灭亡的方面
【单选题】
作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___
A. 既保留又继承
B. 彻底抛弃
C. 既克服又保留
D. 矛盾的调和
【单选题】
辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___
A. 把旧事物完全抛弃
B. 使旧事物发生量变
C. 是新事物产生、旧事物灭亡
D. 是从外部强加给事物的
【单选题】
否定之否定规律___
A. 在事物完成一个发展周期时才能完整地表现出来
B. 在事物发展过程中任何一点上都可以表现出来
C. 在事物经过量变和质变两种状态后表现出来
D. 在事物发展过程中经过肯定和否定两个阶段表现出来
【单选题】
事物发展的周期性体现了___
A. 事物发展的直线性与曲折性的统一
B. 事物发展是一个不断地回到出发点的运动
C. 事物发展的周而复始的循环性
D. 事物发展的前进性和曲折性的统一
【单选题】
直线论的错误在于只看到___
A. 事物发展的周期性而否认了前进性
B. 事物发展的前进性而否认了曲折性
C. 事物发展的间接性而否认了连续性
D. 事物发展的曲折性而否认了周期性
【单选题】
循环论的错误在于___
A. 只看到事物发展的普遍性,没有看到事物发展过程的特殊性
B. 只看到事物的绝对运动,没有看到事物的相对静止
C. 只看到事物发展道路的曲折性,没有看到事物发展趋势的前进性
D. 只看到新旧事物之间的连续性,没有看到新旧事物之间的间断性
【单选题】
对立统一规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋向
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展的规律
【单选题】
辩证法所说的矛盾是指___
A. 人们思维中的前后不一的自相矛盾
B. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的对立统一
C. 对立面之间的相互排斥
D. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的相互依赖
【单选题】
矛盾的基本属性是___
A. 普遍性和特殊性
B. 绝对性和相对性
C. 变动性和稳定性
D. 斗争性和同一性
【单选题】
依据是___
A. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理
B. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理
C. 事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理
D. 事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理
【单选题】
矛盾问题的精髓是___
A. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的问题
B. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性关系的问题
C. 主要矛盾和次要矛盾关系的问题
D. 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面关系的问题
【单选题】
题的方法都是___
A. 重点论
B. 均衡论
C. 一点论
D. 两点论
【单选题】
“任何个别(无论怎样)都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___
A. 特殊性就是普遍性
B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中
C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和
D. 特殊性中包含普遍性
【单选题】
在唯物辩证法看来,水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___
A. 共性和个性的关系
B. 整体和部分的关系
C. 本质和现象的关系
D. 内容和形式的关系
【单选题】
“是就是是,不是就是不是,除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___
A. 形而上学的观点
B. 相对主义的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 辩证法的观点
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?___
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
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