相关试题
【单选题】
门静脉高压症术前防止出血的措施应除外___
A. 避免劳累
B. 避免腹压增加
C. 避免食物过热、硬、刺激
D. 不放胃管
E. 绝对卧床
【单选题】
急性脓胸并发支气管胸膜瘘最主要的治疗方法是___
A. 使用抗生素
B. 胸腔穿刺排脓
C. 开放引流
D. 闭式引流
E. 以上都不是
【单选题】
一病人因高热2日未能进食，自述口渴、口于、尿少色黄。查：脱水征，尿比重1．028，血清钠浓度为156mmol／L。治疗首先应给___
A. 3％～5％的高张盐水
B. 5％碳酸氢钠
C. 5％葡萄糖溶液
D. 葡萄糖盐水
E. 平衡液
【单选题】
男性，25岁。因车祸造成多发性损伤，急救时发现有窒息，腹部内脏脱出，股骨开放性骨折，病人血压低，脉微速。首先要处理的情况是___
A. 窒息
B. 腹部受伤
C. 股骨开放性骨折
D. 休克
E. 脉搏微弱
【单选题】
胸外心脏按压方法中不正确的做法是___
A. 按压部位在胸骨下段
B. 使胸骨下陷3～4cm
C. 每分钟按压80～100次
D. 双人操作，每按压4～5次，吹气4次
E. 双人操作，每按压15次，吹气2次
【单选题】
内痔的好发部位是截石位的___
A. 2点、7点、11点
B. 2点、6点、10点
C. 3点、9点、12点
D. 3点、7点、11点
E. 4点、8点、22点
【单选题】
急性阑尾炎发病的重要原因是___
A. 细菌侵入
B. 黏膜受损
C. 管壁痉挛
D. 阑尾腔梗阻
E. 管壁血循环障碍
【单选题】
下列哪种属于第3代免疫抑制剂___
A. 硫唑嘌呤
B. 糖皮质激素
C. 抗淋巴细胞球蛋白
D. 环磷酰胺
E. 环孢霉素A
【单选题】
小儿躯干面积占全身面积的___
A. 9%
B. 18%
C. 27％
D. 40%
E. 46％
【单选题】
直肠癌根治手术后护理，以下哪项不正确___
A. 骶前引流管接负压吸引
B. 留置导尿1～2周
C. 手术后2～3天开放造瘘口
D. 胃肠减压一般使用48～72h
E. 骶前引流管2～3周后拔除
【单选题】
男性，18岁，饭后剧烈运动后突然出现剧烈腹痛，向腰背部放射、呕吐，应考虑为___
A. 肠扭转
B. 肠套叠
C. 肠粘连
D. 肠肿瘤
E. 肠系膜动脉栓塞
【单选题】
脑疝形成的机制是___
A. 颅腔内容物体积增大
B. 颅内血容量增加
C. 颅内脑脊液增加
D. 颅内压力分布不均
E. 颅内占位性病变
【单选题】
胆固醇结石形成的最主要原因是___
A. 胆汁成分改变
B. 胆道感染
C. 葡萄糖醛酸酶增加
D. 胆道内蛔虫残体存留
E. 胆道梗阻
【单选题】
患儿，9个月，呕吐、腹泻3天，尿量略少，皮肤弹性稍差，口唇微干，眼窝轻度凹陷，血清钠浓度为140mmol／L，其脱水的程度为___
A. 重度脱水
B. 无脱水
C. 中度脱水
D. 极重度脱水
E. 轻度脱水
【单选题】
一患者胸部受伤后，胸内有进行性出血，出血源多为___
A. 心脏大血管破裂出血
B. 肺组织破裂出血
C. 支气管动脉破裂出血
D. 肋间动、静脉或胸廓内
E. 肋骨骨折断端出血
【单选题】
直肠癌的主要特点是___
A. 便秘
B. 大便性质和排便习惯改变
C. 便血
D. 大便变细
E. 贫血
【单选题】
头皮损伤骨膜下血肿的突出特点是___
A. 血肿小
B. 血肿局限
C. 血肿以骨缝为界
D. 疼痛重
E. 常合并有骨折
【单选题】
颅脑损伤病人处理便秘的方法哪项不妥当___
A. 口服液体石蜡
B. 开塞露
C. 酚酞
D. 用液体石蜡灌肠
E. 用肥皂水灌肠
【单选题】
血管闭塞性脉管炎局部缺血期的临床表现，不包括___
A. 间歇性跛行
B. 静息痛
C. 足背动脉搏动减弱
D. 游走性血栓性静脉炎
E. 肢端发凉、麻木、酸痛
【单选题】
维持细胞外液渗透压的重要离子是___
A. Ca
B. K
C. Mg
D. Na
E. Cl
【单选题】
当人血中的碳酸氢根离子与碳酸的比值为20：1时，血浆的pH是___
A. 7．3
B. 7.4
C. 7．5
D. 7.6
E. 7．7
【单选题】
前列腺增生症病人发生急性尿潴留，首选的处理方法是___
A. 热敷、按摩
B. 留置导尿
C. 膀胱穿刺抽尿
D. 膀胱造口
E. 改变体位
【单选题】
重度脱水失量约为体重的___
A. 2％以上
B. 3％以上
C. 4％以上
D. 5％以上
E. 6％以上
【单选题】
男，20岁，被人用刀捅伤半小时急诊入院，入院查体：血压9．3／6．7kPa(70／50mmHg)，脉搏快弱，呼吸音减弱。X线示有大量积液阴影，应确诊为___
A. 开放性气胸
B. 损伤性气胸
C. 张力性气胸
D. 损伤性血气胸
E. 以上均不是
【单选题】
阿米巴肝脓肿没有继发细菌感染，应选用下列哪种方法治疗___
A. 脓肿内注入抗阿米巴药，切开引流
B. 脓肿内注入抗阿米巴药，穿刺抽吸
C. 全身应用抗阿米巴药，穿刺抽吸
D. 全身应用抗阿米巴药，切开引流
E. 全身应用抗阿米巴药，肝部分切除
【单选题】
心脏骤停后最容易发生的继发性病理变化是___
A. 肺水肿
B. 急性肾衰竭
C. 急性肝坏死
D. 脑缺氧和脑水肿
E. 心肌缺氧性损伤
【单选题】
关于脑复苏下列错误的是___
A. 低温疗法
B. 脱水疗法
C. 不可用皮质激素
D. 给用脑活素
E. 高压氧疗法
【单选题】
小而深的伤口多见于___
A. 刺伤
B. 切割伤
C. 擦伤
D. 撕脱伤
E. 裂伤
【单选题】
慢性脓胸纵隔移向___
A. 前侧
B. 后侧
C. 无移位
D. 患侧
E. 健侧
【单选题】
胰头癌的主要临床特点是___
A. 黄疸
B. 肝脏肿大
C. 胆囊肿大
D. 上腹部隐痛
E. 厌食、消瘦、乏力
【单选题】
水中毒对病人危害最大的是___
A. 腹腔积液
B. 脑水肿
C. 眼膜水肿
D. 下肢水肿
E. 消化道水肿
【单选题】
无形失水是指___
A. 排出的尿
B. 排出的粪便中的水
C. 排出的尿与粪中水之和
D. 正常时呼出及皮肤蒸发的水之和
E. 气管切开呼吸道多排出的水
【单选题】
心脏复跳后应用低温疗法，错误的做法是___
A. 头部重点降温
B. 尽早开始降温
C. 直肠温度降至32℃维持24h
D. 控制寒战和抽搐
E. 严格控制输液量
【单选题】
诊断慢性颅内压增高有意义的临床表现是___
A. 头痛
B. 呕吐
C. 视乳头水肿
D. 复视
E. 椎体束征阳性
【单选题】
对严重挤压伤患者，护理时除严密观察生命体征外，还应特别注意___
A. 伤口肿胀程度
B. 精神状态
C. 肢端温度
D. 损伤部位疼痛情况
E. 尿量和尿色
【单选题】
食道癌哪种病理类型恶性程度高___
A. 髓质型
B. 缩窄型
C. 蕈伞型
D. 溃疡型
E. 腺癌
【单选题】
骨盆直肠间隙脓肿晚期治疗的有效措施___
A. 全身抗生素
B. 局部理疗
C. 切开引流
D. 穿刺抽脓
E. 肛门坐浴
【单选题】
防治脑水肿最常用的脱水剂是___
A. 20％甘露醇
B. 5％葡萄糖溶液
C. 25％山梨醇
D. 10％葡萄糖溶液
E. 5％葡萄糖盐水溶液
【单选题】
关于胰腺癌的病理，错误的是___
A. 以导管细胞腺癌最多见
B. 好发部位胰腺头颈部
C. 最多见淋巴转移和癌浸润
D. 早期血行转移
E. 可广泛转移至周围组织
【单选题】
妇科病人术后护理正确的是___
A. 硬膜外麻醉者，去枕平卧12小时
B. 妇科阴部手术后48小时取出阴道内纱布块
C. 会阴Ⅲ度裂伤修补术后5天给予缓泻剂
D. 一般腹部手术保留尿管5～7天
E. 广泛全子宫切除术后留置尿管10～14天
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【简答题】
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【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
