【单选题】
Tom tried to justify his absence from the meeting by ___ that he had been ill that day.
A. admitting
B. advocating
C. claiming
D. citing
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相关试题
【单选题】
___ the huge financial benefits, biological companies have been rushing to set up laboratories and new research projects.
A. Aware
B. Aware of
C. Not aware
D. Not aware of
【单选题】
Unfortunately, ___ lack of funds, the studies he began just two months ago, had to be ended early.
A. out of
B. in addition to
C. owing to
D. to begin with
【单选题】
With a good command of English, he soon got ___ to working with British people.
A. accustomed
B. consistent
C. relevant
D. responsible
【单选题】
What needs to be ___ here is that language and culture interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other.
A. altered
B. stressed
C. aroused
D. committed
【单选题】
Policies and organizations must be created to meet workers’ hopes, and to ___ new problems that inevitably arise between workers and managers.
A. compromise
B. ensure
C. undermine
D. resolve
【单选题】
To keep the wheels of industry turning, we produce consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly ___ our natural resources.
A. ignoring
B. collapsing
C. enduring
D. exhausting
【单选题】
As a person who loves peace, he is committed ___ realizing peace between countries.
A. of
B. about
C. for
D. to
【单选题】
Learning how to use chopsticks is easy for me, ___ learning how to conduct myself at the table is quite difficult.
A. whereas
B. however
C. therefore
D. besides
【单选题】
___ that the patient smokes 50 cigarettes a day, it would be reasonable to assume there is some lung damage.
A. To give
B. Giving
C. Given
D. Having given
【单选题】
Kenyan (肯尼亚的) women tend to vote for those who could provide them ___ the necessary food to live on.
A. of
B. with
C. for
D. about
【单选题】
___ all obstacles and failures, the scientist continued doing his experiments day and night.
A. In spite of
B. In contrast to
C. As a matter of
D. As a result of
【单选题】
I’m willing to ___ that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one.
A. withdraw
B. indicate
C. abandon
D. concede
【单选题】
Manufacturing (制造) companies spend millions of pounds on advertisements, trying to ___ customers that their products are better than those of other companies.
A. confine
B. convince
C. depress
D. reconcile
【单选题】
He is not the right person for the project: he is not very technically minded and ___, he does not have the sense of responsibility.
A. instead
B. yet
C. furthermore
D. nevertheless
【单选题】
Death rates declined in many places, partly because of the ___ in hunger.
A. decrease
B. myth
C. obstacle
D. burden
【单选题】
In deciding whether or not a situation is safe, pilots must be taught to assume that the worst will happen, and then to ___ whether there is a risk or not.
A. absorb
B. apply
C. assess
D. occupy
【单选题】
The worker was not worried as he knew that if he gave up the job, there would be ___ opportunities for him to work somewhere else.
A. formative
B. marginal
C. vigorous
D. numerous
【单选题】
The research shows the region might ___ overheating (经济过热), but the policymakers so far appear to be relatively relaxed about the future of the economy.
A. catch a glimpse of
B. be at risk of
C. take a toll on
D. be free from
【单选题】
Measures have been taken to ensure that no student will have to ___ of college for economic reasons.
A. lay out
B. cancel out
C. drop out
D. stand out
【单选题】
Stress that is not treated can lead to significant medical illnesses, which ___ can lead to greater stress and even depression (抑郁症).
A. after all
B. in turn
C. on the contrary
D. at least
【单选题】
Narcissism (自恋) has its benefits in terms of self-belief and confidence, but it also tends to be ___ risky decision-making.
A. associated with
B. contrasted with
C. reserved for
D. relieved of
【单选题】
When Tom saw his doctor again, she suggested that maybe a more substantial lunch, like a sandwich, might ___ his desire to have snacks in the afternoon.
A. count on
B. cut back on
C. hold on to
D. contribute to
【单选题】
You shouldn’t ___ – let your children make their own decisions.
A. interact
B. abuse
C. startle
D. interfere
【单选题】
This is a huge and difficult project and if you take it up, you ___ many difficulties.
A. like to encounter
B. like encountering
C. are likely to encounter
D. are like to encounter
【单选题】
The ability to live for a long time without water is characteristic ___ the camel.
A. of
B. for
C. about
D. in
【单选题】
Rising sales is a good ___ that this product is well received in the market.
A. response
B. convention
C. indication
D. Influence
【单选题】
When tourists travel abroad, they are sometimes ___ by the local people because the tourists don’t know the real value of products.
A. turned in
B. given chase
C. wrapped up
D. ripped off
【单选题】
The professor’s lecture ___ the capacity of his young audience. They all looked puzzled at him.
A. pointed out
B. went beyond
C. contributed to
D. kept off
【单选题】
We must ___ on the amount of time we use on this project.
A. cut both ways
B. cut in line
C. cut off
D. cut down
【单选题】
We have to be very patient with this experiment. It will take time for some effects to ___ clearly.
A. build up
B. break up
C. clear up
D. show up
【单选题】
Perhaps there is a(n) ___ of truth in both theories, but few of us would ever have the opportunity to find out.
A. lump
B. substance
C. section
D. element
【单选题】
Be careful when you get along with her because she is known for her short ___.
A. temper
B. emotion
C. mood
D. feeling
【单选题】
It seems that wearing less formal clothing to school and work is becoming a(n) ___.
A. trend
B. campaign
C. goal
D. occurrence
【单选题】
You cannot correct children’s bad behavior simply with a (n) ___ or two on the hand or face.
A. slap
B. smash
C. slam
D. strike
【单选题】
Our investigations (调查) ___ something very surprising – many of the employees are underpaid and work overtime all the time.
A. reveal
B. bump
C. rip
D. frustrate
【单选题】
She was James’s faithful assistant, in whom he could have ___ confidence.
A. essential
B. automatic
C. ultimate
D. absolute
【单选题】
If you visit this website, you can ___ the categories to find information about all the universities in that area.
A. observe
B. browse
C. glance
D. look
【单选题】
Making New Year’s resolutions (计划) is a custom that still ___ in this country.
A. prevails
B. attaches
C. descends
D. launches
【单选题】
The military officers were more ___ about their own victory and therefore more willing to predict their enemy’s defeat.
A. appropriate
B. ignorant
C. negative
D. optimistic
【单选题】
___ is no doubt that overwork and much worry caused his illness.
A. It
B. There
C. Here
D. This
推荐试题
【单选题】
在下列引起代谢性酸中毒的原因中，哪一项是错误的___
A. 急性腹膜炎
B. 休克
C. 长期禁食
D. 长期反复呕吐
E. 急性肾功能衰竭
【单选题】
重度等渗性缺水时补液常用___
A. 平衡盐溶液
B. 右旋糖酐
C. 5%碳酸氢钠溶液
D. 等渗盐水
E. 全血
【单选题】
下列不会引起低钾血症的是___
A. 长期禁食
B. 碱中毒
C. 大手术或严重创伤后早期
D. 呕吐.腹泻
E. 大量输入葡萄糖溶液和胰岛素
【单选题】
维持体液平衡，保持内环境稳定，机体主要通过下面哪个系统或器官___
A. 神经系统
B. 内分泌系统
C. 下丘脑―垂体后叶―血管升压素系统
D. 肾
E. 肾素-醛固硐系统
【单选题】
大量输入生理盐水可能会造成___
A. 低钠血症
B. 高氯酸中毒
C. 水中毒
D. 高钠血症
E. 代谢性碱中毒
【单选题】
容易并发低钾性碱中毒的疾病是下列哪一项___
A. 长期静脉高营养
B. 长期吞咽困难
C. 肠瘘
D. 幽门梗阻
E. 输入大量库存血
【单选题】
纠正低钾.低氯碱中毒，一般采用___
A. 5%葡萄糖液
B. 输注平衡盐溶液
C. 输注氯化钠溶液
D. 输注0.1mol/L盐酸溶液
E. 输注氯化钠和氯化钾溶液
【单选题】
有关体液过多患者的护理，下列不正确的是___
A. 给予呋噻米20mg静脉注射
B. 按医嘱给予高渗液以排出过多的水分
C. 禁用大量低渗液洗胃.灌肠
D. 对易引起血管升压素(ADH)分泌增加的高危患者，避免输液过量.过快
E. 轻者不必限制水的入量
【单选题】
代谢性酸中毒的临床表现中，下列正确的是___
A. 呼吸深而快
B. 面色发绀(发绀)
C. 耳前面神经叩击试验阳性
D. 呼吸浅而快
E. 血压升高
【单选题】
患者女性，39岁，腹痛.腹泻伴频繁呕吐2天。体检：脉搏120次/分.呼吸30次/分.血压12/8kPa，呼吸深快，似可闻及烂苹果气味。最好应进行下列哪一种检查___
A. 血清钙测定
B. 血清钾测定
C. 血气分析
D. 血清钠测定
E. 血C0,CP测定
【单选题】
低渗性缺水时尿氯和钠的含量应该是___
A. 尿氯增加，尿钠减少
B. 无变化
C. 增加
D. 减少或缺乏
E. 随尿量变化而变化
【单选题】
高渗性缺水的处理原则不正确的是___
A. 尽早去除病因
B. 静脉补充5%葡萄糖溶液
C. 立即补钾
D. 鼓励患者多饮水
E. 静脉补充0.45%盐水
【单选题】
醛固酮的主要作用是___
A. 保钾排钠
B. 保钠保钾
C. 排氢保钾
D. 保钠排钾
E. 排氢排钾
【单选题】
进行液体疗法时，如果首日计划输液总量为4000ml，第一个8小时的输液量是___
A. 500ml
B. 1000ml
C. 1500ml
D. 2000ml
E. 2500ml
【单选题】
关于水与钠代谢紊乱的叙述，下列错误的是___
A. 出汗浸湿一身衬衣裤，丢失的水分约1000ml
B. 气管切开术后，每天经呼吸道多丢失水分约1000ml
C. 体温每升高1℃，每公斤体重每天多丢失水分3～5ml
D. 成年女性体液总量占体重的55%
E. 皮肤每天无形失水量达1000ml
【单选题】
高热患者，口渴.口唇干燥.眼窝凹陷.皮肤弹性差，尿量减少。心率90次/分，血压16/11kPa，应先给予下列哪一种液体___
A. 10%葡萄糖溶液
B. 5%葡萄糖溶液
C. 生理盐水
D. 平衡盐溶液
E. 右旋糖酐溶液
【单选题】
下列哪种疾病不会引起低钙血症是___
A. 急性重症胰腺炎
B. 甲状旁腺受损
C. 服用过量维生素D
D. 胰腺及小肠瘘
E. 血清白蛋白降低
【单选题】
关于钙的叙述，下列不正确的是___
A. 体内的钙99%存在于骨骼中
B. 非离子钙具有维持神经肌肉稳定性的作用
C. 血钙降低，神经肌肉兴奋性增高
D. 维生素D促进肠道对钙的吸收
E. 甲状旁腺素分泌增加，血钙升高
【单选题】
低钾血症患者，补钾后症状仍无缓解时，应考虑存在___
A. 代谢性酸中毒
B. 高钙血症
C. 低钠血症
D. 低镁血症
E. 低钙血症
【单选题】
引起高渗性缺水的常见原因是___
A. 急性胃肠炎剧烈呕吐
B. 摄入水份不够
C. 大面积烧伤急性期
D. 急性肠梗阻
E. 急性腹膜炎
【单选题】
关于K_TagUpStart_+_TagUpEnd_的功能，下列正确的是___
A. 低血钾使心肌应激性升高
B. 维持细胞外液的渗透压
C. 维持细胞内液的酸碱平衡
D. 分解代谢增强时，K_TagUpStart_+_TagUpEnd_进入细胞
E. 钾浓度过高增强神经肌肉的兴奋性
【单选题】
关于体液平衡失调的叙述，下列错误的是___
A. 成年男性体液总量占体重的60%
B. 细胞内液大部分在骨骼肌内，占体重的40%
C. 组织间液和血浆称细胞外液，占体重的20%
D. 位于体腔内的液体称为第三间隙，属于功能性细胞外液
E. 体液的主要成分是水和电解质
【单选题】
下列哪项激素对血管升压素的影响最大___
A. 细胞外液渗透压
B. 细胞内液容量
C. 细胞外液容量
D. 细胞内液渗透压
E. 血容量
【单选题】
患者女性，因反复呕吐而致低钾血症，患者精神倦怠.周身无力，腱反射减弱。适宜的护理诊断是___
A. 低于机体需要量
B. 活动无耐力
C. 低效性呼吸状态
D. 营养失调
E. 有受伤的危险
【单选题】
静脉补充钾盐时输入钾量的速度应控制在___
A. ＜10mmol/h
B. ＜15mmol/h
C. ＜20mmol/h
D. ＜25mmol/h
E. ＜30mmol/h
【单选题】
关于低渗性缺水的病理生理，下列错误的是___
A. 失钠重于失水
B. 血管升压素分泌减少
C. 容易发生血容量不足
D. 细胞外液减少小于细胞内液
E. 晚期醛固酮分泌增加
【单选题】
低渗性缺水可出现以下临床表现，但应除外___
A. 视力模糊
B. 恶心呕吐
C. 手足麻木
D. 明显口渴
E. 脉压变小
【单选题】
关于代谢性酸中毒的病因，下列哪项是错误的___
A. 要发生于呼吸道梗阻
B. 要由于体内HCO_TagUpStart_-_TagUpEnd_减少
C. 循环与组织灌注不足时可以发生
D. 发生于急性肾衰竭
E. 发生于肠道液体大量丧失时
【单选题】
低钾血症可引起___
A. 代谢性酸中毒
B. 低渗性缺水
C. 高渗性缺水
D. 代谢性碱中毒
E. 等渗性缺水
【单选题】
常用的平衡盐溶液配方为___
A. 复方氯化钠溶
B. 1.25%碳酸氢钠和等渗盐水之比为1:2
C. 5%葡萄糖盐水和1.86%乳酸钠溶液之比为1:2
D. 乳酸钠林格氏液
E. 复方氯化钠溶液
【单选题】
关于水.电解质代谢和酸碱平衡失调的叙述，下列正确的是___
A. 细胞内钾浓度高于血浆钾浓度
B. 酸中毒时钾进入细胞
C. 肾脏保钾比保钠的功能强
D. 碱中毒时钾转出细胞
E. 细胞内外液的渗透压相等
【单选题】
患者男性，35岁。因急性肠梗阻3天入院，脉搏125次/分，血压10/8kPa，血钠142mmol/L，血钾3mmol/L，HCO_TagUpStart_-_TagUpEnd_18mmol/L，处理时应首先考虑___
A. 纠正酸中毒
B. 补充钾盐
C. 输入钙剂
D. 补充血容量
E. 给予利尿剂
【单选题】
血管升压素和醛固酮分泌均增加时___
A. 尿量减少，钠排出减少
B. 尿量增加，钠排出减少
C. 尿量正常，钠排出正常
D. 尿量减少，钠排出增加
E. 尿量增加，钠排出增加
【单选题】
镁的补充方法，下列哪一项是错误的___
A. 肌内注射硫酸镁时应深部注射，并经常更换注射部位
B. 镁中毒时应用氨化钾对抗
C. 可经口服.肌内注射及静脉注射补充
D. 镁缺乏纠正需较长时间
E. 治疗低镁血症时应同时兼补钾和钙
【单选题】
下列哪一项不是恶性高血压的临床表现特征___
A. 血压显著升高
B. 出现相对缓脉
C. 多见年轻人
D. 起病急剧，发展迅速
E. 突然头痛，视力模糊
【单选题】
二尖瓣狭窄患者并发哪一种心律失常最易有血栓形成___
A. 阵发性心动过速
B. 心房颤动
C. 频发室性期前收缩
D. 频发房性期前收缩
E. 房室传导阻滞
【单选题】
能够终止心绞痛的药物是___
A. 美托洛尔
B. 硝酸异山梨酯(消心痛)
C. 阿司匹林
D. 硝苯地平(心痛定)
E. 卡托普利(开搏通)
【单选题】
患者，女性，31岁，心悸.气促十年，顽固反复咯血四年。听诊心率90次/分，规则；心尖区闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音，第一心音亢进，并可闻及开瓣音，肺动脉第二音亢进；X线示心脏呈梨形心。您认为最合理的根本治疗措___
A. 调换止血剂品种
B. 加大洋地黄用量
C. 静脉推注利尿剂
D. 做二尖瓣置换术
E. 做经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术
【单选题】
不是扩张型心肌病临床表现是___
A. 浮肿
B. 心律失常
C. 栓塞
D. 晕厥
E. 肝大
【单选题】
二尖瓣狭窄患者突然出现偏瘫，应考虑___
A. 脑血栓形成
B. 脑出血
C. 脑血管痉挛
D. 脑栓塞
E. 蛛网膜下隙出血
