【判断题】
需要更换熔体时,要注意新换熔体的规格与旧熔体的规格相同。
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(7)Which of the following factors may influence the time course of a drug in the plasma and hence at its site of action?___
A. Food
B. Disease state
C. Route of administration
D. All of above
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(8)Please identify the potential biological barriers for an orally administered tablet to be absorbed into the systemic circulation___
A. Sk d dermis
B. Gastrointestinal epithelium
C. Oral mucosal membrane
D. All of above
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(9) Given the same administration dose, which of the following will likely result in varying bioavailabilities for the same drug administered to the same person? ___
A. tablets (p.o. )vs. solutions(p0.)
B. solutions for injection(i v )vs oral solutions(p0.)
C. coated tablets (p.0. )vs hard gelatin capsules(p0.)
D. All ofabove
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(10)Which of the following statements is true?___
A. Bioavailability is only related to the administered dose and the total drug concentration in the blood circulation.
B. Plasma protein binding does not affect the bioavailability of a specific drug.
C. A given drug in different dosage forms may show differences in bioavailability if given by the same route.
D. Biopharmaceutical studies do not involve animal experiment.
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Much of our present physiological knowledge has been found from the experiments and studies on human beings.
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Living cells break down glucose and fats to provide energy for other activities, which is called.
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The right atriapumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.
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The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells.
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With the level of sodium increasing extracelular fruid. the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract.
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A negative feedback loop is a control system that acts to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance
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(1)Pharmacodynamics, which is concerned with the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action, Is an experimental medical science.
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2)It's unreasonable for a physician to be interested mainly in the effects of drugs on human beings, for the pharmacological evaluation of drugs in them may be limited due to technical, legal, and ethical reasons.
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(3) As the effects of drugs are often characterized by significant interspecies variation and may be further modified by disease, clinical pharmacology has never been efibrasized.
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The physician is not interested in drugs that are useful in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human disease, but in chemical agents that are commonly responsible for household and industrial poisoning as well as environmental pollution.
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(5)A drug is said to be useful in therapy if it has the ability to produce its desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects.
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(6)Toxicology deals not only with drugs used in therapy but also with many other chemicals that may be responsible for household, environmental, or industrial intoxication.
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1)With the more efficient screening tests and burgeoning knowledge about how a molecules biological activities are likely to be changed, the traditional approach of discovering new drugs has been improved.
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2)With the parallel synthesis used to identify which small segment of any given large protein would bind to an antibody, Mario Geysen generated a variety of short protein fragments by combining multiple amino acids in different permutations.
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)A parallel synthesis and a split-and-mix synthesis are different in that in a split-and-mix synthesis, all the products are assembled separately n their respective reaction vessels.
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4) In many laboratories, robots are used in the routine work of parallel synthesis to deliver small amounts of reactive molecules into appropriate wells, thus making the process more accurate and less tedious.
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5) In a parallel synthesis, each compound remains in its own container; while in a split-and-min synthesis, the related ce mpounds are mixed up in the same reaction vessel.
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6)In order to solve the difficulties of identifying the compounds made in a parallel synthesis scientists pull out from the mixture the beads that bear biologically active molecules and determine the molecular makeup o d attached.
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1)The concentration of a drug in whole plasma is the most accurate index of the drug concentration at the site(s) of action.
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(2)It is difficult to measure the total concentration of both unbound and bound drug in total plasma.
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(3)The clinical effect of a drug is assumed to be directly related to the plasma drug concentration.
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(4) Systemically acting drugs administered by all routes involve the absorption of drug from the place of administration into the blood.
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5)Bioavailability of a drug indicates whether a therapeutically effective concentration is achieved at the site(s)of action of that drug.
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(6)Prodrugs are not therapeutically effective unless they are changed into therapeutically active forms before or after reaching the systemic circulation
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(1)地球表层覆盖着很多圈层,其中最厚的圈层是 ___
A. 岩石圈
B. 水圈
C. 大气圈
D. 生物圈
【单选题】
(2)目前受人类影响最强烈的地球圈层部位主要在大气圈底层、岩石圈上层以及 ___
A. 生物圈表层
B. 生物圈中层
C. 水圈底层
D. 水圈全部
【单选题】
(3)生物圈的范围为___
A. 大气圈、水圈和岩石圈的全部
B. 大气圈和水圈的全部、岩石圈的上部
C. 大气圈的底部、水圈和岩石圈的全部
D. 大气圈的底部、水圈的全部和岩石圈的上部
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(4)地球上最大的生态系统是 ___
A. 森林生态系统
B. 生物圈
C. 海洋生态系统
D. 城市生态系统
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(5)被称为地球之“肺”的是:___
A. 草原
B. 针叶林
C. 沼泽地
D. 热带雨林
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(7)地球的表面积总共达到5.1亿平方千米,其中海陆各占的比例大致是 ___
A. 三分海洋七分陆
B. 七分海洋三分陆
C. 四分海洋六分陆
D. 六分海洋四分陆
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(8)地球的表面积约为5.1亿平方千米,表面起伏不平,凸出来的地方成为陆地和山脉,而大片大片下凹的部分经过亿万年的积累,被液态海水所淹没而变成了海洋,海洋面积占地球表面积的近___。
A. 2%
B. 51%
C. 71%
D. 91%
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(9)关于我国地形特点的叙述,不正确的是___
A. 地形多种多样
B. 山地面积广大
C. 地势平坦,起伏和缓
D. 西高东低 呈阶梯状
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(10)我国山区面积广大,其劣势是___
A. 森林资源不足
B. 耕地资源不足
C. 水能资源不足
D. 动植物资源不足
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(11)北回归线穿过的我国省区自西向东排列正确的是 ①广东 ②广西 ③云南 ④台湾 ___
A. ①②③④
B. ③①②④
C. ③②①④
D. ④①②③
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(12)我国少数民族主要分布在___
A. 西北和东北
B. 东北和东南
C. 西南和西北
D. 东南和西南
【单选题】
(13)我国水资源的空间分布特点是___
A. 南丰北缺
B. 东北地区缺水最严重
C. 冬春季节少,夏秋季节多
D. 绝大部分地区水资源丰富