【简答题】
简述商业银行的负债管理理论。
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答：这是20 世纪60 年代开始的金融创新中发展起来的理论。由于直接融资的发展,商业银行深感资金缺乏、竞争激烈、加之流动性的巨大压力，商业银行不得不从货币市场引进资金来保证资产流动性的要求。负债管理认为银行的流动性不仅可以通过加强资产的管理来获得，也可以通过负债管理，即向外借款来提供。其核心是：银行主动借入资金来保持自身的流动性，从而扩大资产业务，增加银行收益。但负债管理也有明显缺陷：①提高了银行的融资成本。②因为金融市场的变幻莫测而增加了经营风险③忽视自有资本的补充，不利于银行的稳健经营。
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