【单选题】
(B737ng)空中驾驶员如何知道襟翼应为左右不对称___
A. 用电动不能操纵襟翼,且襟翼位置指针偏差15度
B. 用电动不能操纵襟翼,且襟翼位置指针偏差2度
C. 用液压不能操纵襟翼,且襟翼位置指针偏差15度
D. 用液压不能操纵襟翼,且襟翼位置指针偏差2度
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相关试题
【单选题】
(B737ng)前缘襟翼和缝翼作动筒的动力可来源于:___
A. B 系统和PTU
B. A系统和PTU
C. 备用液压系统
D. A&C
【单选题】
(B737ng)升降舵调整片控制机构的作用:___
A. 当襟翼收上时,在平衡模式,升降舵和调整片的运动方向相同
B. 当襟翼不在收上位时,在非平衡模式,升降舵和调整片的运动方向相反
C. 在非平衡条件下,增加飞机的俯仰控制
D. 在平衡状态下,增强飞机的偏航控制
【单选题】
(B737ng)失速警告系统的驾我杆振动器的抑制信号(不可作测试)来自:___
A. FSEU(襟翼缝翼电子组件)
B. PSEU(临近电门电子组件)
C. 主轮舱
D. 后缘襟翼位置传感器
【单选题】
(B737ng)使机长和副驾驶的操纵杆分离的是:___
A. 一个扭力管
B. 推杆
C. A Breakout Mechanism
D. A Chain and Sprocket System
【单选题】
(B737ng)水平安定面的操纵有:___
A. A.主电配平和人工配平
B. B.液压配平和人工配平
C. C.主电配平、自动驾驶配平和人工配平
D. D.只能主电配平
【单选题】
(B737ng)水平安定面配平限制电门有几个:___
【单选题】
(B737ng)下列各飞行控制操纵面系统中没有定中机构的是___
A. 方向舵
B. 升降舵
C. 水平安定面
D. 副翼
【单选题】
(B737ng)下列哪一个飞行操纵舵面的备用操作是电动的:___
A. 副翼
B. 方向舵
C. 前缘襟翼
D. 后缘襟翼
【单选题】
(B737ng)在B737-800的左右大翼上,一共有多少块地面扰流板?___
【单选题】
(B737ng)在操纵台后部的2个副翼配平电门:___
A. A.操作上面一个左翼向上,操作下面一个右翼向下
B. B.上面是主电门,下面是备用电门
C. C.当分别操纵时,取消彼此的书输入
D. D.必须同时操作
【单选题】
(B737ng)在一定条件下可以自动工作. ___
A. A.副翼、扰流板、前缘装置
B. B.前缘装置、扰流板、水平安定画
C. C.水平安定面、扰流板、后缘襟翼
D. D.扰流板、缝翼、后缘襟翼
【单选题】
(B737ng)主方向舵PCU由什么供压?___
A. 液压A系统和B系统
B. 只有液压A系统
C. 只有液压B系统
D. 液压A系统、B系统和备用液压系统
【单选题】
(B737ng)自动缝翼控制活门通电工作,飞机在空中且接近失速则缝翼:___
A. A.从收上或放下到全放下
B. B.从收上到放下
C. C.从放下到全放下
D. D.从全放下到放下
【单选题】
(B737ng)左主起落架轮舱前壁板上的副翼动力控制组件:___
A. 包含一个自动驾驶伺服活门
B. 用备用液压压力作为备用操纵
C. 接受来自驾驶员,电配平作动器和/或者自动驾驶作动器的输入。
D. 当没有液压压力时锁住。
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG方向舵的主和备用的PCU都有偏航阻尼部件参与控制,其中控制的输入是___
A. 两个PCU都是YAW DAMPER COUPLER(偏航阻尼耦合器)
B. 两个PCU都是同一个SMYD(失速警告和偏航阻尼控制器)
C. 主PCU是SMYD2,备用是SMYD1
D. 主PCU是SMYD1,备用是SMYD2
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG和737-3/4/500驾驶舱副翼驾驶盘的最大行程和副翼本身的最大行程有何异同点___
A. 驾驶盘最大行程737NG大于737-345;副翼行程一样
B. 驾驶盘最大行程一样,副翼行程737NG大于737-345
C. 驾驶盘最大行程一样,副翼行程737NG小于737-345
D. 737NG的这两个行程都大于737-345
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG襟翼控制手柄下的位置传感器和737-345有何差异___
A. 没有差异
B. 737-345是位置电门;737NG是位置电门加上LVDT
C. 737-345是位置电门;737NG是位置电门加上RVDT
D. 737-345是位置电门;737NG只是RVDT感受手柄所有的位置
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG襟翼控制手柄下的位置传感器如何工作___
A. 位置电门
B. 位置电门加上LVDT
C. 是位置电门加上RVDT
D. 没有相应的传感器
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG控制襟翼的控制盒是___
A. FSEU
B. FSIM
C. PSEU
D. FSCU
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG取消了737-345的襟翼不对称独立的测试电门、灯和不对称关断继电器。其功能由谁提供___
A. PSEU
B. FSEU
C. 襟翼歪斜探测系统
D. B&C都对
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG取消了737-345的襟翼控制的钢索张力电门(S816)。其功能由哪一个具体部件提供___
A. UCM关断活门
B. 巡航释压活门
C. 歪斜探测传感器
D. 题目有问题,737NG没有取消
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG升降舵控制的驾驶杆切断电门和737-345有何差异___
A. 737NG为一个
B. 737NG为两个
C. 737-345没有
D. 没有差异
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG水平安定面配平马达和737-345有何差异___
A. 737NG只有一个配平马达
B. 737-345只有一个配平马达
C. 737NG有一个主马达和一个自动驾驶电马达
D. 737NG用液压马达控制水平安定面
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG应该如何限动前沿___
A. 和737-345一样
B. 和737-345相类似
C. 在FSEU上模拟后插销既可
D. 在FSEU上模拟后插销并要拔插头
【单选题】
(B737ng)737NG用什么控制盒替代了737-345的失速管理计算机___
A. 没替代一样
B. SMYD 1
C. SMYD 2
D. SMYD 1&2号
【单选题】
(B737ng)B737飞机的马赫配平作动筒调节:___
A. A.扰流板;
B. B.副翼;
C. C.水平安定面;
D. D.升降舵.
【单选题】
(B737ng)B737飞机在对副翼进行修理和重新蒙上蒙皮之后,该操纵面___
A. A、不需要进行平衡检查
B. B、当离位修理时,才进行平衡检查
C. C、必须进行平衡检查
D. D、当原位修理时,才进行平衡检查
【单选题】
(B737ng)安定面配平正在工作,如果这时驾驶员往后拉杆,则:___
A. A.安定面配平使飞机抬头;
B. B.安定面配平使飞机低头;
C. C.安定面配平不起作用;
D. D.不影响安定面配平的工作.
【单选题】
(B737ng)备用系统EMDP自动工作的条件是___
A. A.A/B飞行操纵电门在STBYRUD位,或备用襟翼电门在ARM位
B. B.A/B飞行操纵电门在ON位,或备用襟翼电门在ARM位
C. C.是由空/地感应,襟翼位置,泵输出压力及A/B飞行操纵电门决定的
D. D.是由空/地感应,襟翼位置,泵输出压力决定的
【单选题】
(B737ng)不使用液压的操纵面是:___
A. 扰流板
B. 副翼
C. 水平安定面
D. 方向舵
【单选题】
(B737ng)从外观来看,737NG的前沿总数量和737-345有何差异___
A. 737NG共8块
B. 737-345共10块
C. 737NG共6块
D. 737-345共8块
【单选题】
(B737ng)从维护尾部的飞控部件来说,737NG和737-345有何差异___
A. 737NG取消了尾部液压隔离活门
B. 737NG方向舵行程增大到29度(LH&RH),原来26度
C. 液压参与升降舵的调整片的控制
D. 以上都对
【单选题】
(B737ng)打开B737-300/500型飞机的C函道包皮后,必须 ___
A. 锁上作动筒的自锁机构
B. 同时打开风扇包皮
C. 装上反喷包皮保险工具
D. 装上扰流板锁
【单选题】
(B737ng)当_______时.自动刹车选择活门在0FF位而自动刹车解除预位灯会亮. ___
A. A. 自动刹车压力控制组件内甜电磁活门的压力电门感觉压力小于l0OOpsi
B. B. 自动刹车压力控制组件内的伺撮活门的压力电门感觉压力小于10OOpsi
C. C. 自动刹车压力控制组件内的电磁活门的压力电门感觉压力大于1000psi
D. D. 自动刹车压力控制组件内的伺服活门的压力电门感觉压力大于10OOpsi.
【单选题】
(B737ng)当飞机在空中并且襟翼在完全收上盹冲压空气门是 ___
A. A. 关闭
B. B. 调节
C. C. 打开
D. D. 被高级活门的位置控制
【单选题】
(B737ng)当减速扳手柄转动升起减速板时.扰流板比率变换器的模滚信号的输出量 ___
A. A. 增加
B. B. 减少
C. C. 不变
D. D. 变化取决于操纵副翼的信号.
【单选题】
(B737ng)当襟翼系统探测到控制机构或作动机械机构出现不对称时,驾驶舱襟翼位置表如何指示:___
A. 左右襟翼指针互偏2度
B. 左右襟翼指针互偏5度
C. 左右襟翼指针互偏15度
D. 没有指示,但襟翼停动
【单选题】
(B737ng)对于波音737飞机,下列哪两项工作不能同时进行?___
A. 放出前缘缝翼,打开内侧C包皮
B. 放出前缘缝翼,打开内侧风扇包皮
C. 放出前缘缝翼,打开外侧C包皮
D. 放出前缘缝翼,打开外侧风扇包皮
【单选题】
(B737ng)对于前缘襟翼和缝翼巡航释压功能:___
A. 前缘襟翼和缝翼巡航释压活门在平时是在关闭位
B. 由SMYD 2控制
C. 在巡航的条件下,使前缘襟翼和缝翼在全伸出位
D. 关断B系统到前缘襟翼和缝翼控制活门的液压压力
【单选题】
(B737ng)飞机方向舵的控制输入信号有哪些?___
A. A.脚蹬输入
B. B.配平输入
C. C.偏航阻尼输入
D. D.上述都是
推荐试题
【单选题】
唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___
A. 事物数量的增加
B. 事物根本性质的变化
C. 事物的一切运动变化
D. 新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
【单选题】
区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___
A. 是不是在新的历史条件下出现的
B. 是不是符合事物发展规律、有强大生命力
C. 是不是具有新形式和新特点
D. 是不是得到绝大多数人的承认
【单选题】
质量互变规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋势
【单选题】
质和事物的存在是___
A. 相互对立的
B. 相互包含的
C. 直接同一的
D. 相互转化的
【单选题】
在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,其关键在于___
A. 抓住事物的主要矛盾
B. 确定事物的质
C. 认识事物的量
D. 把握事物的度
【单选题】
区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___
A. 事物的变化是否显著
B. 事物的变化是否迅速
C. 事物的某些属性是否发生了变化
D. 事物的变化是否超出度的范围
【单选题】
量变的复杂性是指___
A. 量变的程度发展不同
B. 量变形式的多样性和总的量变过程中有部分质变
C. 质变中有量的扩张
D. 量变有在度的范围内的变化和突破度的范围的变化
【单选题】
量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___
A. 事物内部各部分之间变化的不平衡性
B. 事物整体与某些构成部分之间变化的不平衡性
C. 事物与事物之间变化的不平衡性
D. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化的不平衡性
【单选题】
量变中的局部性部分质变是___
A. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化不平衡性的表现
B. 事物的各个部分之间变化不平衡性的表现
C. 事物的内部矛盾和外部条件变化不平衡性的表现
D. 事物的量和质变化不平衡性的表现
【单选题】
揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展规律
【单选题】
“肯定和否定相互渗透,在一定意义上,肯定就是否定。”这是一种___
A. 相对主义诡辩论的观点
B. 唯物辩证法的观点
C. 主观唯心主义的观点
D. 形而上学的观点
【单选题】
事物的否定方面是指___
A. 事物的积极方面
B. 事物的消极方面
C. 事物中维持其存在的方面
D. 事物中促使其灭亡的方面
【单选题】
作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___
A. 既保留又继承
B. 彻底抛弃
C. 既克服又保留
D. 矛盾的调和
【单选题】
辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___
A. 把旧事物完全抛弃
B. 使旧事物发生量变
C. 是新事物产生、旧事物灭亡
D. 是从外部强加给事物的
【单选题】
否定之否定规律___
A. 在事物完成一个发展周期时才能完整地表现出来
B. 在事物发展过程中任何一点上都可以表现出来
C. 在事物经过量变和质变两种状态后表现出来
D. 在事物发展过程中经过肯定和否定两个阶段表现出来
【单选题】
事物发展的周期性体现了___
A. 事物发展的直线性与曲折性的统一
B. 事物发展是一个不断地回到出发点的运动
C. 事物发展的周而复始的循环性
D. 事物发展的前进性和曲折性的统一
【单选题】
直线论的错误在于只看到___
A. 事物发展的周期性而否认了前进性
B. 事物发展的前进性而否认了曲折性
C. 事物发展的间接性而否认了连续性
D. 事物发展的曲折性而否认了周期性
【单选题】
循环论的错误在于___
A. 只看到事物发展的普遍性,没有看到事物发展过程的特殊性
B. 只看到事物的绝对运动,没有看到事物的相对静止
C. 只看到事物发展道路的曲折性,没有看到事物发展趋势的前进性
D. 只看到新旧事物之间的连续性,没有看到新旧事物之间的间断性
【单选题】
对立统一规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋向
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展的规律
【单选题】
辩证法所说的矛盾是指___
A. 人们思维中的前后不一的自相矛盾
B. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的对立统一
C. 对立面之间的相互排斥
D. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的相互依赖
【单选题】
矛盾的基本属性是___
A. 普遍性和特殊性
B. 绝对性和相对性
C. 变动性和稳定性
D. 斗争性和同一性
【单选题】
依据是___
A. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理
B. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理
C. 事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理
D. 事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理
【单选题】
矛盾问题的精髓是___
A. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的问题
B. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性关系的问题
C. 主要矛盾和次要矛盾关系的问题
D. 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面关系的问题
【单选题】
题的方法都是___
A. 重点论
B. 均衡论
C. 一点论
D. 两点论
【单选题】
“任何个别(无论怎样)都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___
A. 特殊性就是普遍性
B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中
C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和
D. 特殊性中包含普遍性
【单选题】
在唯物辩证法看来,水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___
A. 共性和个性的关系
B. 整体和部分的关系
C. 本质和现象的关系
D. 内容和形式的关系
【单选题】
“是就是是,不是就是不是,除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___
A. 形而上学的观点
B. 相对主义的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 辩证法的观点
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?___
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
【单选题】
大学生的成才目标是___。
A. 培养德智体美全面发展的人才
B. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者
C. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
D. 培养专业化、创新化的人才
【单选题】
世界政治格局发展的必然趋势是___。
A. “多极化”
B. 单边主义
C. 两极格局形成
D. 一超独霸