【单选题】
肾维持体内水平衡的功能，主要靠调节下列哪项活动来实现___
A. 肾小球的滤过量
B. 近端小管对水的重吸收量
C. 髓袢降支对水的重吸收量
D. 肾小管的分泌功能
E. 远端小管和集合管对水的重吸收量
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相关试题
【单选题】
在近端小管中滤出的HCO3被重吸收的主要形式是___
A. CO2
B. H*
C. HCO3
D. H2CO3
E. (NH2)2CO
【单选题】
下列关于肾近端小管重吸收HCO3的描述，正确的是___
A. 重吸收量约 占超滤液总量的1/3
B. 通过CI-HCO3交换进入上皮细胞
C. 与管腔膜上 Na*-H*交换密切相关
D. 与小管上皮细胞分泌NH3无关
E. 滞后于CI-吸收
【单选题】
下列关于肾近端小管分泌H*的描述，正确的是___
A. 主要依靠管腔膜上的质子泵转运
B. 与上皮细胞重吸收Na*无关
C. 碳酸酐酶在泌H*中起重要作用
D. 与上皮细胞分泌 NH3相互抑制
E. 分泌1个H*必有1个K+被重吸收
【单选题】
关于小管分泌NH3, 以下错误的是___
A. NH3是通过主动转运而进入小管液的
B. NH3与小管液中的H*结合，生成NH4+
C. NH4*与小管液中强酸盐(如NaCl)中的CI-结合:生成酸性铵盐(NH4CI),起到排酸作用
D. 强酸盐中的Na*与H+交换，而后与HCO3~一起转运回血，起到保碱作用
E. 肾小管上皮细胞内的谷氨酰胺可生成NH3和NH4*
【单选题】
肾小管和集合管上皮细胞分泌NH4*和NH3的主要生理意义是___
A. 完成细胞内代谢
B. 排泄体内毒素
C. 维持机体酸碱平衡
D. 维持机体电解质平衡
E. 调节体液渗透压
【单选题】
关于肾重吸收和分泌K*的叙述正确的是___
A. 近端肾小管重吸收25%~ 30%的K*
B. 髓袢重吸收65%~70%的K*
C. 远端肾小管分泌K+, 但不重吸收K+
D. 远曲小管分泌 K*受醛固酮调节
E. K+的分泌与肾小管泌H*无关
【单选题】
正常人摄取K*多，由肾排出也增多，其主要原因是___
A. 远曲小管和集合管分泌K*增多
B. 近端小管重吸收K*减少
C. 髓袢重吸收减少
D. 醛固酮分泌减少
E. 肾小球滤过率增加
【单选题】
肾小管将滤液中葡萄糖全部重吸收的部位是___
A. 近端小管
B. 髓袢细段
C. 髓袢升支粗段
D. 远端小管
E. 集合管
【单选题】
葡萄糖的重吸收与下列哪项有密切联系___
A. Na*的被动重吸收
B. Na*的主动重吸收
C. K*的主动重吸收
D. CI-的被动重吸收
E. H*的主动重吸收
【单选题】
血中某种物质的肾阈是指___
A. 该物质的最大滤过率
B. 该物质的最大重吸收率
C. 该物质开始在尿中出现的血浆浓度
D. 该物质的最大分泌率
E. 该物质在肾小管的最大分泌能力
【单选题】
静脉推注少量高浓度葡萄糖时出现尿量增多的原因是___
A. 肾小球滤过率升高
B. 血浆胶体渗透压下降
C. 肾血流量增多
D. 肾小管液溶质浓度升高
E. ADH分泌减少
【单选题】
球-管平衡是___
A. 近端小管对滤过率的重吸收率为65%~ 70%
B. 肾小球滤过率等于肾小管重吸收率
C. 肾小管的重吸收率为 65% ~ 70%
D. 肾小球滤过率随肾小管吸收率而变化
E. 远曲小管重吸收率等于肾小球滤过率
【单选题】
肾外髓部组织液高渗的形成是由于___
A. 近端小管对NaCl的重吸收
B. 近端小管对葡萄糖的重吸收
C. 髓袢升支细段对 NaCl的重吸收
D. 髓袢升支粗段对NaCl的重吸收
E. 远端小管对NaCl的重吸收
【单选题】
形成肾内髓部组织液高渗的物质是___
A. KCI
B. NaCl
C. 尿素和KCI
D. 尿素和NaCl
E. NaCl和KCl
【单选题】
肾髓质高渗状态的维持主要依靠___
A. 小叶间动脉
B. 弓形动脉
C. 弓形静脉
D. 网状小血管
E. 直小血管
【单选题】
进入集合管的尿液是___
A. 低渗的
B. 高渗的
C. 等渗的
D. 低渗或等渗的， 但不会是高渗的
E. 等渗 或高渗的，但不会是低渗的
【单选题】
肾小管液被显著稀释的部位是___
A. 近端小管
B. 髓袢细段
C. 髓袢升支粗段
D. 远曲小管
E. 集合管
【单选题】
在尿液的浓缩和稀释中起关键作用的体液因子是___
A. 血管紧张素II
B. 血管升压素
C. 心房钠尿肽
D. 醛固酮
E. 肾素
【单选题】
抗利尿激素对肾的主要作用是___
A. 提高远曲小管和集合管对水的通透性
B. 增强髓袢升支粗段对NaCl的重吸收
C. 提高内髓部集合管对尿素的通透性
D. 促进近端小管对水的重吸收
E. 促进远端小管对钠的重吸收
【单选题】
促进血管升压素合成和分泌的最重要因素是___
A. 动脉血压降低
B. 循环血量减少
C. 血浆晶体渗透压增高
D. 血浆胶体渗透压增高
E. 情绪紧张
【单选题】
大量饮清水后引起尿量增多的主要原因是___
A. 抗利尿激素分泌减少
B. 醛固酮分泌减少
C. 血浆胶体渗透压下降
D. 肾血流量增多
E. 肾小球滤过率增加
【单选题】
醛固酮的主要作用是___
A. 保K*排 Na*
B. 保Na*排K*
C. 保Na*保K*
D. 保K*排 H+
E. 保Na*排H*
【单选题】
机体安静情况下，对醛固酮分泌调节不起作用的因素是___
A. 高血Na*
B. 血管紧张素I
C. 促肾上腺皮质激素
D. 高血K*
E. 肾交感神经兴奋
【单选题】
可致肾素分泌增多的因素是___
A. 入球小动脉血压降低
B. 交感神经活动降低
C. 血Na*降低
D. 血K+升高
E. 致密斑活动降低
【单选题】
血浆中肾素增加时，将引起增加的是___
A. 血浆K*浓度
B. 细胞外液容积
C. 红细胞比容
D. 血浆胶体渗透压
E. 血液中H*浓度
【单选题】
肾素-血管紧张系统激活时，会减少或降低的是___
A. 尿中的Na*量
B. 尿中的K*量
C. 肾小球管的分泌功能
D. 醛固酮的分泌量
E. 血管升压素分泌量
【单选题】
利用肾清除率概念测定GFR，被清除物除能被肾小球滤过外，尚需满足的条件是___
A. 不被肾小管重吸收，但可被分泌
B. 可被肾小管重吸收，但不可被分泌
C. 不被肾小管重吸收和分泌
D. 可被肾小管重吸收和分泌， 但分泌大于重吸收
E. 可被肾小管重吸收和分泌，但重吸收大于分泌
【单选题】
某物质在肾动脉中有一定浓度，而在肾静脉中为零，其血浆清除率___
A. 等于零
B. 等于肾小球滤过率
C. 等于每分钟肾血浆流量
D. 等于每分钟肾血流量
E. 等于滤过分数
【单选题】
关于排尿反射的叙述，错误的是___
A. 初级中枢位于脊髓骶段
B. 感受器是位于膀胱壁上的牵张感受器
C. 排尿反射过程中存在负反馈
D. 盆神经受损伤后，排尿反射不能进行
E. 排尿反射受意识控制
【单选题】
腰骶部脊髓受损时，排尿功能障碍表现为___
A. 尿失禁
B. 尿频
C. 尿潴留
D. 多尿
E. 尿痛
【单选题】
少尿的定义是指尿量少于___
A. 100ml/24小时或5ml/小时
B. 400ml/24小时或17m/小时
C. 200ml/24小时或7ml/小时
D. 500ml/24小时或17ml/小时
E. 300m/24小时或15ml/小时
【单选题】
实验中发现，较难通过肾小球滤过膜的物质是___
A. 带正电荷右旋糖酐分子
B. 带负电荷右旋糖酐分子
C. 电中性的右旋糖酐分子
D. 带负电荷的无机分子
E. 带正电荷的无机分子
【单选题】
静脉滴注生理盐水引起肾小球滤过率增加是由于___
A. 肾小球毛细血管压增高
B. 囊内压下降
C. 血浆胶体渗透压增高
D. 肾血浆流量增多
E. 囊内液胶体渗透压下降
【单选题】
下列情况下，可使肾小球滤过平衡点向出球小动脉端移动的是___
A. 快速静脉注射大量生理盐水
B. 静脉注射肾上腺素
C. 发生中毒性休克
D. 发生肾盂或输尿管结石
E. 静脉注射甘露醇
【单选题】
给家兔静脉注射去甲肾上腺素后血压升高，肾小球滤过率和尿量迅速减少，该动物肾小球滤过率降低的主要原因是___
A. 肾小球毛细血管血压升高
B. 肾小囊内压升高
C. 肾小囊内液胶体渗透压降低
D. 血浆胶体渗透压降低
E. 肾血流量减少
【单选题】
患者服用碳酸酐酶抑制剂乙酰唑胺后出现尿液NaCl、水、HCO3-排出增多，以及代谢性酸中毒。分析该患者出现代谢性酸中毒原因是由于___
A. 肾小管K*-H*交换增加
B. 肾小管H*-Na*交换减弱
C. 近球小管K*重吸收增加
D. 肾小球滤过率降低
E. 肾小管Na*重吸收减少
【单选题】
某慢性低氧血症患者出现代谢性酸中毒和高钾血症，但血压正常，分析该患者血钾增高的原因是___
A. 肾小管K*-Na*交换减弱
B. 肾小管H*-K*交换增强
C. 肾小管Na*重吸收减少
D. 肾小球滤过率降低
E. 近端小管K*的吸收增加
【单选题】
患者空腹血糖11.1mmol/L(200mg/dl),尿糖阳性,多食、 多饮、多尿。患者尿量增多的原因是___
A. 肾小球滤过率增加
B. 渗透性利尿
C. 水利尿
D. 抗利尿激素 分泌减少
E. 饮水过多
【单选题】
给家兔静脉注射抗利尿激素后尿量减少，尿液渗透压增高，该动物尿量减少的主要机制是远曲小管和集合管___
A. 对水通透性增高
B. 对Na*重吸收增多
C. 对尿素重吸收增多
D. 管腔内溶质浓度降低
E. 受管腔外渗透压升高
【单选题】
大量出汗时尿量减少的最主要原因是___
A. 血浆晶体渗透压升高， 抗利尿激素分泌增加
B. 血浆晶体渗透压降低，刺激抗利尿激素分泌
C. 交感神经兴奋， 抗利尿激素分泌增加
D. 血容量减少， 肾小球滤过减少
E. 血浆胶体渗透压升高， 肾小球滤过减少
推荐试题
【单选题】
Tom is a book lover. ______ likes reading very much.
A. He B. She C. You D. It
【单选题】
—May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?
—Sorry, you’d better it like that．
A. not to do B. not do to
C. dont do D. not do
【单选题】
3.—Did you have a good time at Lauras birthday party?
— Yes, indeed. Its several years ________ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
【单选题】
4. —___________ is the Summer Palace from here?
About three kilometers away. You can take the No. 35 bus.
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much
【单选题】
5. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldnt find ______ suitable.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
【单选题】
6. A friend of my ____ and I are going to visit_______ next week．
A. father; Browns B. father's; Browns
C. father; the Browns D. father's; the Browns
【单选题】
7. She ______ very hard since she came to our school.
A. studies B. has studied C. is studying D. studied
【单选题】
8. — Who will send you to the new school, your mom or your dad?
— _______. Ill go there by myself.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
【单选题】
9.—Well do what we can ____English well this term．
—It’s high time for you to work hard．
A. study B．to study C. be studied D. be studying
【单选题】
10. —I’m going to Flower Bookstore. Could you tell me ______?
— Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here.
A. where it is B. where was it C. where is it D. where it was
【单选题】
11. How do you like the dishes, Eric?
— Fantastic! Nothing tastes ________.
A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse
【单选题】
12. ______ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face.
A. Because B. If C. Until D. Though
【单选题】
13.You can save money _______ you buy cheaper things.
A. before B. unless C. if D. until
【单选题】
14. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam．
A. two-month B. two month’s C. two month D. two-months
【单选题】
15. —We will build an underground in Xuzhou before 2015．
— Wow, _______! Will it pass our place?
A. what an excited news B. how excited the news is
C. what exciting news D. how exciting
【单选题】
16. — Emily, here’s a dictionary．I hope it will help you in some way．
— Thank you．It’s ________ what I need．
A. almost B. still C. only D. just
【单选题】
17. —Oh．I’m hungry．Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?
—No．It tastes ．
A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well
【单选题】
18. —We can invite our teachers to the farewell party next Saturday.
—Yes, ______? I’ll call them at once.
A. what for B. what C. why not D. why
【单选题】
19.You can ________ ask the old man to move away to any other place because he has lived ________ here for at least sixty years．
A. hardly; alone B. hard; alone
C. hardly; lonely D. hardly; lonely
【单选题】
20.—I’m going back to see my grandparents this weekend．
—________．
A. It’s very nice of you B. You’d better hurry
C. Say goodbye to them D. Give my best wishes to them
【单选题】
21.—Why not take ____ umbrella with the sign “Made in China”? It is useful.
—What _______ good advice it is!
A. an; a B. a; a C. an; \ D. \; a
【单选题】
22. —Do you know the boy________ is sitting next to Peter?
— Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday.
A. who; ninth B. that; ninth C. /; ninth D. which; ninth
【单选题】
23. It was dark, ______ I couldnt see what was happening.
A. or B. though C. but D. so
【单选题】
24.—You can use MSN to talk with Vivien on the Internet.
—I know. But can you tell me ________?
A. what I can use it B. when I can use it
C. why can I use it D. how can I use it
【单选题】
25. _______ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy ?
To learn about different styles of school uniform.
A. What B. Where C. Which D. Why
【单选题】
( ) 26. Where does the writer of "The little Prince" come from?
A．England． B．France． C．America． D．China．
【单选题】
( ) 27. What does the prince do after the fox tells him a secret?
A．He cares more about a flower and a sheep．
B．He meets many more strange adults on other planets．
C．He realizes his love for the rose and he goes back to his planet．
D．He discovers interesting things such as a snake, other roses and a fox
【单选题】
( ) 28. What does "The little Prince" mainly talk about? It' s about _________．
A．the adult world B．the planet B -612
C．a rose and a fox D．the adventure of a young prince
【单选题】
( ) 29. What is the writer's main purpose（目的）in writing this passage？
A．To tell the readers his life story．
B．To tell people what kind of person his father was．
C．To tell the readers what present he got from his father．
D． To let people know how poor he was．
【单选题】
( ) 30. Why did the father not ask his son not to do this and do that？
A．Because he felt quite confident of his son．
B．Because he was born from a poor family．
C．Because he was a man of few words．
D．Because he didn't want to be much too strict with his son．
【单选题】
( ) 31. What would someone learn from this passage？
A．How to live by oneself． B．How to stand on one's own feet．
C．What a good father should do． D．What the self-important is like．
【单选题】
( ) 32. What may be the proper Chinese for the underlined part in the passage？
A．闲暇时光 B．学费 C．精神空虚 D．经济不足
【单选题】
( ) 33. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A. She had seven tickets.
B. She hoped to please others.
C. She knew the car drivers well.
D. She wanted to show kindness.
【单选题】
( ) 34. Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she ___ .
A. thought it was beautifully written
B. wanted to know what it really meant
C. decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D. wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
【单选题】
( ) 35. Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A. Judy Foreman. B. Natalie Smith. C. Anne Herbert D. Alice Johnson.
【单选题】
( ) 36. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
【单选题】
( ) 37.The greatest river for navigation is ___________.
A. the Nile B. the Amazon C. the Mekong D. the Mississippi
【单选题】
( ) 38. From a dam, people can use the water for ___________.
A. keeping the rivers clean B. only making electricity
C. irrigation and making electricity D. washing clothes
【单选题】
( ) 39. The water in the river is polluted because of _____________.
A. people's drinking water too much B. people's swimming in the river too much
C. chemicals and other materials D. people's building a dam across a river
【单选题】
( ) 40. The best title of the passage is ___________.
A. Rivers in Cities B. The importance of Rivers
C. Transportation D. Natural Resources
