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【单选题】
支气管哮喘发作时,下列哪项因素能降低支气管扩张剂的疗效___
A. 酸中毒
B. 缺氧未纠正
C. 感染未控制
D. 未并用糖皮质激素
E. 未充分补液
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A
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【单选题】
重度支气管哮喘发作时,最主要的临床表现是___
A. 发作性带哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音
B. 发作性带哮鸣音的吸气性呼气性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音
C. 带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难及双肺哮鸣音
D. 带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸困难及咯粉红色泡沫痰
E. 带哮鸣音的混合性呼吸出难及咯血
【单选题】
对重度哮喘伴心动过速的患者,哪项治疗措施是错误的___
A. 吸氧
B. 氨茶碱静注
C. 地塞米松静注
D. 心得安静注
E. 抗生素
【单选题】
以下项目中除哪项外均为支气管哮喘的危重表现___
A. 呼吸困难加重,哮鸣音反而减少
B. 意识模糊或昏迷
C. 血压低,有奇脉
D. 心电图示电轴左偏
E. 呼吸性酸中毒及 (或)代谢性酸中毒
【单选题】
20岁,女性。阵发性呼气性呼吸困难,烦躁不安持续6小时,静注氨茶碱无效。痰粘,过去有哮喘病史,检查时满肺哮鸣音及肺气肿征,你认为还需要使用下列哪些措施___
A. 西地兰静注
B. 速尿静注
C. 吗啡皮下注射
D. 肾上腺皮质激素
E. 补充足量液体并加用祛痰药物
【单选题】
重度哮喘患者,经静滴足量的氨茶碱及口服舒喘灵等药物治疗10小时后病情仍不缓解,伴大汗,双肺呼吸音极低,心率 131次/分,该病人下步治疗用药应选择___
A. 色甘酸二钠抗过敏治疗
B. 气雾剂吸入
C. 加用肾上腺皮质激素及充分的补液
D. 选择广谱抗生素
E. 西地兰静注
【单选题】
30岁,男性。白幼出现发作性呼吸困难,有时咳嗽,3天来喘息发作不止,伴咳嗽咯少量粘液痰。查体:端坐呼吸,大汗,口唇发绀,广泛哮鸣音,诊断最可能是___
A. 风心病急性左心衰
B. 喘息性支气管炎
C. 重度支气管哮喘
D. 慢性支气管炎急性发作
E. 自发性气胸
【单选题】
患者20岁,阵发性呼气性呼吸困难,烦躁不安,持续5小时,静注氨茶碱无效。查体:满肺哮鸣音,有肺气肿征,心率130次/分、律齐、无杂音,血压14.6/9.31kPa,紧急处理可用___
A. 两地兰静脉推注
B. 速尿静脉推注
C. 吗啡皮下注射
D. 氢化可的松或甲基强的松龙静脉滴注
E. 大剂量青霉素静脉滴注
【单选题】
肺炎出现呼吸衰竭时,立即给予___
A. 控制感染,用广谱抗生素
B. 纠正休克
C. 纠正酸中毒
D. 辅助呼吸
E. 加用糖皮质激素
【单选题】
急性脓胸的治疗,下列哪项不宜选用___
A. 选用有效抗生素抗炎治疗
B. 对合并支气管瘘者行胸腔冲洗
C. 反复穿刺抽液并胸腔内注入适当抗生素
D. 胸腔插管闭式引流
E. 合并支气管瘘者手术治疗
【单选题】
急性肺脓肿的治疗原则___
A. 止咳、祛痰、解痉、抗感染
B. 改善通气、纠正酸中毒、抗感染
C. 支持疗法、祛痰、有效抗生素
D. 积极抗感染,辅以体位引流
E. 动静结合,中西医结合,全身用药及周部用药相结合
【单选题】
急性原发性肺脓肿特征性的临床表现是___
A. 大量脓臭痰
B. 反复咯血
C. 发热伴剧烈胸痛
D. 发热伴典型肺实变体征
E. 发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、咯粘稠胶冻状痰
【单选题】
肺结核小量咯血 (痰中带血丝)的处理是___
A. 给可待因0.03g
B. 10葡萄糖酸钙l0ml
C. 安静休息,消除紧张情绪
D. 6-氨基己酸4~6g
E. 脑垂体后叶素5~lOU
【单选题】
抢救人咯血窒息时,最关键的措施是___
A. 让患者取患侧卧位
B. 立即使用中枢呼吸兴奋剂
C. 立即使用鼻导管吸氧
D. 立即采用解除呼吸道梗阻的措施
E. 立即输血或输液
【单选题】
肺结核大咯血,最危险的并发症___
A. 窒息
B. 出血性休克
C. 继发慰染
D. 结核播散
E. 以上都不是
【单选题】
浸润型肺结核大咯血采取___
A. 患侧卧位
B. 健侧卧位
C. 坐位
D. 俯卧位
E. 仰卧位
【单选题】
患者女性,24岁。大量胸水,呼吸困难,穿刺抽液时突然面色苍白,出冷汗,血压下降,应给予哪项处理___
A. 氨茶碱+葡萄糖静脉滴注
B. 西地兰0.4mg缓慢静脉推注
C. 平卧,0.1%肾上腺索0.5ml皮下注射
D. 立即快速输注低分子右旋糖酐
E. 静脉快速滴注升压药物
【单选题】
慢性支气管炎急性发作期治疗最主要的措施是___
A. 止咳祛痰
B. 控制感染
C. 解痉平喘
D. 菌苗注射
E. 吸氧补液
【单选题】
女,45岁。咳嗽10年,近2年出现气喘,且逐渐加重,体检:双肺散在哮鸣音,呼吸音减低,最可能的诊断楚是___
A. 慢性阻塞性肺气肿
B. 支气管扩张
C. 支气管哮喘
D. 支气管肺癌
E. 瓦喘息型慢性支气管炎
【单选题】
突然发作的吸气性呼吸困难,临床上最常见于___
A. 自发性气胸
B. 支气管哮喘
C. 心源性哮喘
D. 气管内异物或梗阻
E. 阻塞性肺气肿
【单选题】
肺心病急性加重期治疗的关键是___
A. 低流量吸氧,以纠正缺氧
B. 利用呼吸机,改善呼吸功能
C. 强心、利尿改善心功能
D. 积极控制感染,解除支气管痉挛,改善通气功能
E. 纠正电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡
【单选题】
肺心病心力衰竭时,强心剂的应用___
A. 属禁忌证,因易发生中毒
B. 如需用,应给予口服,并迅速达到洋地黄化
C. 常选用作用快、排泄快的强心剂缓慢静注
D. 最好用强心剂的同时;并用心得安类药
E. 以心率快慢作为衡量强心剂的疗效
【单选题】
肺心病慢性呼吸衰竭,最确切的诊断是___
A. 发绀、呼吸困难
B. 出现神经、精神症状
C. CO2结合力升高
D. PaO2<8kPa(60mmHg),PaO2>6.65kPa(50mmHg)
E. 通气功能明显障碍
【单选题】
慢性呼吸衰竭时,哪项措施对呼吸道通畅不利___
A. 糖皮质激素
B. 采用快速利尿剂
C. 口服或雾化祛痰剂
D. 痰液干结者补液
E. 无力排痰者翻身拍背
【单选题】
下列哪一种疾病,最易发生呼吸衰竭___
A. 阻塞性肺气肿
B. 肺癌
C. 细菌性肺炎
D. 大量胸腔积液
E. 支气管扩张
【单选题】
呼吸衰竭患者己昏迷,大量痰液阻塞气道,一个错误的治疗是___
A. 吸氧
B. 呼吸兴奋剂
C. 雾化吸入
D. 排痰
E. 抗感染
【单选题】
慢性较严重的呼吸衰竭(或发生肺性脑病)不宜吸高浓度氧的主要原因为___
A. 缺氧不是主要因素
B. 可引起氧中毒
C. 解除颈动脉化学感受器的兴奋性
D. 促使二氧化碳排出过快
E. 诱发代谢性碱中毒
【单选题】
患者男性,50岁。发作性喘憋7年,严重发作持续2天,伴尿少痰粘,体检:呼吸困难,烦燥不安,发绀,心率 128次/分、律齐,双肺呼吸音低、可闻及少量哮鸣音、未闻及湿啰音,下列哪些治疗是错误的___
A. 静滴葡萄糖生理盐水
B. 静滴氨茶碱
C. 静滴糖皮质激素
D. 用抗生素预防感染
E. 用镇静剂如苯巴比妥
【单选题】
肺心病患者,66岁。近一周来咳喘加重,发组,腹胀,下肢浮肿,神志清楚,动脉血气分析: PH7.32,PaCO28.3kPa(64mmHg),PaO26.5kPa(5OmmHg),氧疗应给予___
A. 高压氧治疗
B. 鼻导管低浓度、间歇给氧
C. 吸入高浓度氧
D. 间歇吸入高浓度氧
E. 鼻导管、低浓度、持续给氧
【单选题】
患者男性,65岁。慢性咳嗽;咳痰20午,喘息3年,近2天来烦躁,唇发绀,双肺可闻及干湿啰音,心率130次/分,心律齐,腹软,肝肋下3cm,双下肢浮肿;血气分析: PaO26.5kPa(5OmmHg),PaCO27.8kPa(6OmmHg),治疗首选___
A. 呼吸机辅助呼吸
B. 气管切开
C. 吸氧
D. 给予利尿剂
E. 给予呼吸兴奋剂
【单选题】
患者女性,18岁,既往健康,生气后突然感呼吸困难并恐惧,哭泣,四肢麻木,头晕,发病30分钟动脉血气分析:PH7.62,PaO212.8kPa(96mmHg),PaCO22.6kPa(2OmmHg),下列病因哪项可能性大___
A. 自发性气胸
B. 肺梗塞
C. 支气管哮喘发作
D. 过度通气
E. 压急性喉炎
【单选题】
下述哪项所致心排血量减少,不宜用血管扩张药治疗___
A. 心包积液
B. 室间隔缺损
C. 二尖瓣关闭不全
D. 高血压性心脏病
E. 充血性心脏病
【单选题】
急性肺水肿时,下列药物中首选___
A. 地高辛口服
B. 洋地黄毒甙口服
C. 洋地黄叶口服
D. 强心灵口服
E. 西地兰或毒毛旋花子甙K静注
【单选题】
下列哪项最不符合左心功能不全___
A. 交替脉
B. 坐位时颈静脉怒张
C. 剧烈咳嗽伴白色泡沫痰
D. 两肺底闻及湿啰音
E. X线胸片示肺纹理增粗
【单选题】
高血压患者发生心力衰竭的最早症状是___
A. 咳嗽、咳痰
B. 夜间心绞痛
C. 咯血
D. 下肢水肿及肝肿大
E. 劳力性呼吸困难
【单选题】
患者男性,50岁。突发呼吸出难,满肺哮鸣音,心率抉,听不清有无杂音,既往史不详,应首选何药___
A. 洋地黄
B. 异丙肾上腺素
C. 肾上腺素
D. 氨茶碱
E. 洛贝林
【单选题】
诊断急性肺水肿,最有特征意义的表现是___
A. 端坐呼吸
B. 心尖部舒张早期奔马律
C. 交替脉
D. 两肺干湿啰音
E. 严重呼吸困难伴粉红色泡沫痰
【单选题】
心力衰竭与心率变化的相互关系中,不正确的是___
A. 心率增快为心力衰竭早期代偿之一
B. 心率增快为心力衰竭诱因之一
C. 心率增快可使心室舒张期充盈受限
D. 心率增快可使心肌耗氧量增大
E. 心率越快,心输出量越多
【单选题】
诊断右心功能不全时,最可靠的体征是___
A. 颈静脉怒张,肝颈静脉回流征阳性
B. 肝肿大
C. 下肢浮肿
D. 腹水
E. 胸水
【单选题】
呼吸困难最常见于___
A. 右心功能不全伴高度水肿
B. 右心功能不全伴腹水
C. 右心功能不全伴胸腔积液
D. 右心衰竭
E. 左心功能不全
【单选题】
下列哪种情况产生急性肺水肿时,宜用吗啡___
A. 风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴肺部感染
B. 急性心肌梗死伴休克
C. 急性心肌梗死伴持续性疼痛
D. 主动脉瓣关闭不全伴呼吸抑制
E. 急进性高血压伴神志不清
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enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 5 Western nations have older and shrinking populations since they entered the 21stcentury and their [ ] birth rates have also posed problems___
【填空题】
enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 6 She didn't want to marry him and was [ ] against him because he had only a bachelor's degree and didn't meet her expectations for marriage.___
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enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 7 The president is in trouble and will have to work hard to [ ] his credibility after people discovered that he was not telling the truth.___
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enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 8 To study a number of subjects in the humanities has been both enjoyable and [ ]providing me with a new and different perpective on the world in which we live.___
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enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 9 People are concerned about the environment issue because air and water pollution notonly affects everyone's health but also makesit difficult for businesses to [ ].___
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enlighten, discard, restore, fluctuate,prejudice , profit , rival, motivate,implement, investigate 10 Instead of ignoring or envying successful students, I made it my mission to [ ]the mysterious causes of their success and greatness.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 1Though he was 80 years old, blind and hardly able to walk, his family [ ]him so much that they could hardly bear the thought of his death.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 2The support our volunteers provide to the community as well as society cannot [ ] purely practical terms, and their continuing contribution is vital.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 3 Please don't forget the Tourist Guide , which should [ ] when you travel to different places in Asia And Europe for the next few weeks.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 4 These people living in this area are still [ ] their traditions which give their life meaning and help them in answering many questions.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 5You will [ ]for not learning Enghsh; yod never know how much you will miss without being able to speak English.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 6 If you [ ] travel and trying to adjust to a new time zone, you may not be ready to face the new challenging environmen yet.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 7 The general manager of the company intends to introduce new management courses, and tighter controls will be [ ] management to raise efficiency.___
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be measured in , come in handy , be exhausted from , impose on , attached to, cling to , pay a big price , revolve around 8 Class discussions next week will [ ] the importance of love, communication and a close relationship between parents and their children.___
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