相关试题
【多选题】
表示压力的方法有___。
A. 压力的具体数值
B. 压力梯度
C. 钻井液当量密度
D. 压力系数
E. 前四种
【多选题】
下列可消除深度影响的压力表示方法有___。
A. 压力的具体数值
B. 压力梯度
C. 钻井液当量密度
D. 压力系数
E. 前四种
【多选题】
压力梯度的单位是kPa／m，压力和深度的单位分别是___。
A. P用kPa
B. H用m
C. P用MPa
D. H用km
E. P用Pa
【多选题】
下列对压力梯度叙述正确是___。
A. 单位深度或高度的流体所形成的压力
B. 相当于单位深度流体的压力
C. 每m井深压力的变化值
D. 对比不同深度地层中的压力时，可消除深度的影响
E. 以上都不对
【多选题】
下面对压力系数描述正确的是___。
A. 某点压力与该深度处的淡水柱静压力之比
B. 其量纲与钻井液密度的量纲相同
C. 单位是g／cm³
D. 数值上等于平衡该压力所需钻井液密度之值
E. 压力的表示方法之一
【多选题】
当量钻井液密度的含义___。
A. 以其相当的液体密度表示
B. 与垂直井深成反比
C. 某点压力等于此相当密度的液体在该深度处所形成的液柱压力
D. 与该点所受各种压力之和成反比
E. 虽是密度的形式，但实际上表示的是压力
【多选题】
下列数值相同的压力表示方法有___。
A. 压力的具体数值
B. 压力梯度
C. 钻井液当量密度
D. 压力系数
E. 前四种
【多选题】
地层压力可分为___。
A. 正常地层压力
B. 异常高压
C. 异常低压
D. 衰竭压力
E. 孔隙压力
【多选题】
关于正常地层压力下列正确的是___。
A. 大小与沉积环境有关
B. 大小与沉积环境无关
C. 地层流体必须一直与地面连通
D. 连通常常被封闭层或隔层截断
E. 压力梯度在9.8～10.5kPa/m之间
【多选题】
异常低压多发生于___。
A. 注水地层
B. 大孔隙的老地层
C. 与地面连通的地层
D. 衰竭产层
E. 压实地层
【多选题】
关于异常高压下列正确的是___。
A. 与沉积环境有关
B. 与沉积环境无关
C. 地层流体必须一直与地面连通
D. 连通常常被封闭层或隔层截断
E. 压力梯度大于10.5kPa/m
【多选题】
地层坍塌压力的大小与___有关。
A. 钻井液粘度
B. 岩石本身的特性
C. 岩石的应力状态
D. 地层压力
E. 钻具结构
【多选题】
对于正常压力的___等处，往往地层漏失压力比破裂压力小得多，而且对钻井安全作业危害很大。
A. 高渗透性砂岩
B. 裂缝性地层
C. 断层破碎带
D. 不整合面
E. 泥岩
【多选题】
在做地层破裂压力试验时，在___的共同作用下，使地层发生破裂产生漏失而计算求得地层破裂压力当量密度。
A. 套管鞋以上钻井液的静液压力
B. 地面回压
C. 环空压耗
D. 地层压力
E. 波动压力
【多选题】
钻井工程设计应根据钻井地质设计提供的资料，并参考邻井实钻资料，考虑___井控装备配套以及钻进作业方式等因素，综合确定泥浆的密度。
A. 地层压力预测精度
B. 油气水层的埋藏深度
C. 地层油气水中H2S的含量、地应力
D. 地层破裂压力
E. 地层漏失压力
【多选题】
对于硬脆性地层，岩石的剪切破坏表现为___。
A. 井眼扩大
B. 井壁垮塌
C. 井眼缩径
D. 井眼稳定
E. 不确定
【多选题】
在钻井时，钻井液柱压力的___。
A. 上限要保持与地层压力相平衡
B. 下限则不能超过地层的破裂压力
C. 下限要保持与地层压力相平衡
D. 上限则不能超过地层的破裂压力
E. 上、下限均要与地层压力平衡
【多选题】
钻井液在环空中___等，则环空流动阻力越大。
A. 上返速度越大
B. 井越深
C. 井眼越不规则
D. 环空间隙越小
E. 且钻井液密度、切力越高
【多选题】
循环压力损失的大小取决于___等因素。
A. 钻柱长度
B. 钻井液密度
C. 钻井液粘度、切力
D. 排量
E. 流通面积
【多选题】
波动压力包括___。
A. 静液压力
B. 地层压力
C. 激动压力
D. 抽吸压力
E. 地层破裂压力
【多选题】
起管柱时，井底压力等于___之差。
A. 静液压力
B. 环空压耗
C. 套压
D. 立压
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
影响井底压力的因素有___。
A. 静液压力
B. 地面回压
C. 环空压耗
D. 地层压力
E. 地层破裂压力
【多选题】
节流循环时，井底压力等于___。
A. 静液压力
B. 地面回压
C. 环空压耗
D. 地层压力
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
正常循环时，井底压力等于___之和。
A. 静液压力
B. 环空压耗
C. 套压
D. 立压
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
在钻井泵克服环空压耗推动钻井液向上流动时，___也承受了该流动阻力。
A. 井底
B. 井壁
C. 井口
D. 钻柱内
E. 方钻杆
【多选题】
下管柱时，井底压力等于___之和。
A. 静液压力
B. 环空压耗
C. 抽汲压力
D. 激动压力
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
溢流关井时，井底压力约等于___之和。
A. 静液压力
B. 环空压耗
C. 地面回压
D. 立压
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
能够产生激动压力的工况是___。
A. 起钻
B. 下钻
C. 空井
D. 下套管
E. 接单根
【多选题】
按照井底压差的大小可将井眼压力状况分为___三种情况。
A. 过平衡
B. 欠平衡
C. 平衡
D. 动平衡
E. 静平衡
【多选题】
激动压力和抽汲压力主要受___等因素影响。
A. 管柱结构、尺寸
B. 井身结构与井眼直径
C. 起下钻速度
D. 钻井液密度、粘度、静切力
E. 管柱在井内的实际长度
【多选题】
___之差称为井底压差。
A. 井口压力
B. 井底压力
C. 地层压力
D. 地层破裂压力
E. 抽汲压力
【多选题】
天然气是可压缩性的流体，其体积大小取决于所施加的___。
A. 压力
B. 摩擦力
C. 湿度
D. 温度
E. 密度
【多选题】
在钻开气层的过程中，随着岩石的破碎，岩石孔隙中的天然气被释放出来而侵入钻井液，侵入的天然气量与___成正比。
A. 岩石的孔隙度
B. 井径
C. 机械钻速
D. 气层的厚度
E. 钻井液密度
【多选题】
天然气侵入井内的方式有___等。
A. 岩屑气侵
B. 置换气侵
C. 扩散气侵
D. 气体溢流
E. 抽汲气侵
【多选题】
天然气具有___物化特性，从溢流到井喷的时间间隔短。
A. 密度低
B. 可膨胀
C. 易滑脱
D. 易燃烧
E. 不易爆
【多选题】
如果发生了井侵，要做到___，才能防止井侵质变成井喷。
A. 尽早发现
B. 尽快关井
C. 循环观察
D. 压井
E. 汇报
【多选题】
天然气侵入钻井液，会使钻井液___。
A. 密度下降
B. 密度升高
C. 粘度下降
D. 粘度升高
E. PH值升高
【多选题】
下列___等是溢流的其他原因。
A. 中途测试后转钻井或试油酸化压裂后转钻井
B. 钻到临井里，压力串通
C. 以过快的速度钻穿含气砂层
D. 射孔沟通产层，地层流体进入井内
E. 固井过程中水泥浆失重
【多选题】
决定溢流严重程度的主要因素有___。
A. 地层渗透性
B. 地层孔隙度
C. 压差
D. 防喷器规格
E. 地层的埋藏深度
【多选题】
导致溢流发生最主要的原因是___等。
A. 钻井液密度降低
B. 钻井液漏失
C. 起钻时井内未灌满钻井液
D. 抽汲
E. 钻遇异常高压地层
推荐试题
【单选题】
(9)Which of the following is true when drugs are selected?___
A. It has to be based in part on legal reasons.
B. It has to be based in part on ethical reasons.
C. It has to be based in part on the pharmacological evaluation in man
D. It has to be based in part on the pharmacological evaluation in animals
【单选题】
(10)Why are chemotherapeutic agents useful in therapy?___
A. They stimulate or depress biochemical or physiological function in man in a sufficiently reproducible manner to provide relief of symptoms or, ideally, to alter favorably the course of disease
B. They can produce desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects
C. They have only minimal effects on man but can destroy or eliminate parasites
D. The selectivity of their effects is one of their most important characteristics
【单选题】
1)H. Mario Geysen initially used parallel synthesis as a quick way to identify which small_____ of any given large protein bound to an antibody.___
A. division
B. pieces
C. part
D. fragment
【单选题】
2)Chemists often start a combinatorial synthesis by attaching the first set of building blocks_____ to microscopic beads made of polystyrene.___
A. solid
B. inert
C. soft
D. active
【单选题】
3）The chemical reactions required to link compounds to the beads and later to detach them____ to the synthesis proces.___
A. induce complications
B. make easy
C. introduce complications
D. introduce easy
【单选题】
4)In a parallel synthesis, all the products are_____ separately in their own reaction vessels.___
A. combined
B. assembled
C. joined
D. assorted
【单选题】
(5)In many laboratories today, robots assist with the routine work of parallel synthesis, such as small___ amounts of reactive molecules into the appropriate wells.___
A. sending
B. transporting
C. delivering
D. giving
【单选题】
(6)Scientists can pull out from the mixture the beads that bear biologically active molecules and then,using sensitive detection techniques,___ the molecular makeup of the compound attached.___
A. determine
B. make sure
C. find
D. search
【单选题】
(7)Most pharmaceutical companies today continue to___ parallel synthesis. Which of the following is not appropriate to be filled in the blank?___
A. count in
B. count on
C. depend on
D. rely on
【单选题】
(8)Once they identify a promising substance, they___ make many one-at-a-time modifications to the structure.___
A. laboriously
B. hardly
C. easy
D. effectively
【单选题】
(9)Often these procedures yield a compound having acceptable___ and safety.___
A. strength
B. effect
C. potency
D. effort
【单选题】
10)In many laboratories today, robots___ the routine work of parallel synthesis.___
A. help
B. assist with
C. assist in
D. assist to
【单选题】
(1)Pharmaceutics is an interdisciplinary subject involving___
A. formulation, manufacturing, physical pharmacy, and biopharmaceutics
B. manufacturing
C. physical pharmacy
D. biopharmaceutics
【单选题】
（2）Formulation is about the design, development and evaluation of dosage forms,___
A. discovery of novel drugs
B. analytical methods
C. drug delivery systems and manufacturing process
D. dosing regimen
【单选题】
(3)Biopharmaceutics mainly studies the in vivo process of drugs and metabolites in humans, animals and tissue culture, which specifically involves___
A. absorption and distribution
B. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
C. metabolism and excretion
D. absorption and excretion
【单选题】
(4)Regarding the definition of bioavailability(BA), BA is related to___
A. total plasma drug concentration only
B. unbound drug concentration in the plasma
C. unbound drug concentration at the target site
D. total plasma drug concentration, and the administered drug dose
【单选题】
(5)Plasma drug concentration is affected by following factors such as___
A. rate of absorption
B. rate and extent of distribution
C. rate ofeli Imination
D. all ofabove
【单选题】
6)Which of the following routes of administration will involve the absorption of drugs?___
A. i.v.injection
B. i.v.infusion
C. Subcutaneous injection, transdermal and oral
D. None of above
【单选题】
（7）Which of the following factors may influence the time course of a drug in the plasma and hence at its site of action?___
A. Food
B. Disease state
C. Route of administration
D. All of above
【单选题】
(8)Please identify the potential biological barriers for an orally administered tablet to be absorbed into the systemic circulation___
A. Sk d dermis
B. Gastrointestinal epithelium
C. Oral mucosal membrane
D. All of above
【单选题】
(9) Given the same administration dose, which of the following will likely result in varying bioavailabilities for the same drug administered to the same person? ___
A. tablets (p.o. )vs. solutions(p0.)
B. solutions for injection(i v )vs oral solutions(p0.)
C. coated tablets (p.0. )vs hard gelatin capsules(p0.)
D. All ofabove
【单选题】
(10)Which of the following statements is true?___
A. Bioavailability is only related to the administered dose and the total drug concentration in the blood circulation.
B. Plasma protein binding does not affect the bioavailability of a specific drug.
C. A given drug in different dosage forms may show differences in bioavailability if given by the same route.
D. Biopharmaceutical studies do not involve animal experiment.
【判断题】
Much of our present physiological knowledge has been found from the experiments and studies on human beings.
【判断题】
Living cells break down glucose and fats to provide energy for other activities, which is called.
【判断题】
The right atriapumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air.
【判断题】
The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells.
【判断题】
With the level of sodium increasing extracelular fruid. the cardiac muscle cells become too excitable and may contract.
【判断题】
A negative feedback loop is a control system that acts to maintain the level of some variables within a given range following a disturbance
【判断题】
(1)Pharmacodynamics, which is concerned with the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action, Is an experimental medical science.
【判断题】
2)It's unreasonable for a physician to be interested mainly in the effects of drugs on human beings, for the pharmacological evaluation of drugs in them may be limited due to technical, legal, and ethical reasons.
【判断题】
（3） As the effects of drugs are often characterized by significant interspecies variation and may be further modified by disease, clinical pharmacology has never been efibrasized.
【判断题】
The physician is not interested in drugs that are useful in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of human disease, but in chemical agents that are commonly responsible for household and industrial poisoning as well as environmental pollution.
【判断题】
(5)A drug is said to be useful in therapy if it has the ability to produce its desired effects with only tolerable undesired effects.
【判断题】
(6)Toxicology deals not only with drugs used in therapy but also with many other chemicals that may be responsible for household, environmental, or industrial intoxication.
【判断题】
1)With the more efficient screening tests and burgeoning knowledge about how a molecules biological activities are likely to be changed, the traditional approach of discovering new drugs has been improved.
【判断题】
2)With the parallel synthesis used to identify which small segment of any given large protein would bind to an antibody, Mario Geysen generated a variety of short protein fragments by combining multiple amino acids in different permutations.
【判断题】
)A parallel synthesis and a split-and-mix synthesis are different in that in a split-and-mix synthesis, all the products are assembled separately n their respective reaction vessels.
【判断题】
4) In many laboratories, robots are used in the routine work of parallel synthesis to deliver small amounts of reactive molecules into appropriate wells, thus making the process more accurate and less tedious.
【判断题】
5) In a parallel synthesis, each compound remains in its own container; while in a split-and-min synthesis, the related ce mpounds are mixed up in the same reaction vessel.
【判断题】
6)In order to solve the difficulties of identifying the compounds made in a parallel synthesis scientists pull out from the mixture the beads that bear biologically active molecules and determine the molecular makeup o d attached.
