【单选题】
"4.计划发展部发起合同创建流程后,需跟踪审批流程,及时提醒参与审核的相关职能部门提出合同审核意见,必要时向审核人说明情况。每个审批流程不超过()个工作日。相关职能部门如遇特殊情况需延长审核时间时,应向合同管理专职说明理由,且延长后累计审核时间最长不得超过()个完整工作日。___
A. 1,3
B. 2,3
C. 1,2
D. 2,1"
查看试卷,进入试卷练习
微信扫一扫,开始刷题
相关试题
【单选题】
"5.审核会签流程完成后,合同管理专职依据授权委托范围办理合同的签署,并应确保公司执()份。___
【单选题】
"6.预付款支付:根据双方签订的合同进行预付款的支付。包工包料工程预付款的支付比例不应低于签约合同价(扣除暂列金额)的()%,不高于签约合同价(扣除暂列金额)的()%。___
A. 10,20
B. 20,10
C. 15,20
D. 10,15"
【单选题】
"7.项目部门负责受理并审查外包单位所提出的释放质保金申请后()个工作日内,确认无质量问题后,发起质保金释放流程,流程中须就有关进度、质量、安全等方面真实性进行评价。___
【单选题】
"8.项目承办部门负责受理并预审外包单位所提出的支付申请及相关支持性文件中有关进度、质量、安全等内容,并对完成工作量进行签证;工作量签证一般应在收到外包单位的相关上报资料后()个工作日内完成。___
【单选题】
"9.计划发展部在收到项目承办部门及外包单位完整的结算资料后,可直接进行审核,也可以委托具有相应资质的工程造价咨询机构审核,并要求在() 个工作日内完成审核。___
【单选题】
"10.合同订立阶段,采用定向外委、询价比选的项目,在合同订立前,如合同条款、价款、质量、工期、支付方 式与定标会议纪要相比发生变更(包括修改、细化、调整等),由该合同签署人同意后方可通过合同谈判进行调整,若遇重大变更需由()同意后方可调整。___
A. 分管领导
B. 经营领导
C. 采购委员会
D. 总经理"
【单选题】
"11.合同范围内变更,如变更引起费用单项或累计预估增加额为合同总价在 (), 合同变更申请单由分管领导批准___
A. 10%(含)以内并且20 万元(含)以内
B. 20%(含)以内并且 10 万元(含)以内
C. 20%(含)以内并且50 万元(含)以内
D. 10%(含)以内并且50 万元(含)以内"
【单选题】
"12.合同范围内变更,如变更引起费用单项或累计预估增加额为合同总价在 (), 合同变更申请单由经营领导审核,总经理批准___
A. 10%或20万元以上
B. 20%或 10 万元以上
C. 20%或50 万元以上
D. 10%或 30 万元以上"
【单选题】
实施,并及时签订补充协议。补充协议由计划发展部起草,流程应由合同承办部门在合同管理系统上发起。___
A. 分管领导
B. 经营领导
C. 采购委员会
D. 总经理"
【单选题】
"14.合同收口用于对方已履行完成所有合同义务,但因其自身原因部分或所有权利已过()年追 诉期,且经我方提醒无反馈;合同收口时必须要有法律顾问的书面确认函,且与合同变更申请(二)(详见附录 I)一并归档。___
【单选题】
"15.联系单(一式三份)实行闭环管理,经批准的联系单由承包商全面实施后,应() 天及时办理内签证手续,填写“工程量签证单”。___
【单选题】
"16.项目主管部门对已签发的联系单、签证单等结算依据必须在该项工作完成后()汇总到计划发展部。___
A. 半个月内
B. 一个月内
C. 2个月内
D. 3个月内"
【单选题】
"17.若出现现场工程量结算金额与原合同估算金额偏差在(),由计划发展部、纪检审计室一起开展专项检查,调查清楚原因后,方可按本标准5.9 条办理变更手续。___
A. 30%或30 万元以上
B. 50%或30 万元以上
C. 50%或50 万元以上
D. 30%或50 万元以上"
【多选题】
"1.下列属于各级审批人及工作票签发人职责的是___
A. 负责审查工作的必要性、安全性、严控制不必要的作业和作业时间。
B. 负责审查工作的作业方案、技术措施、安全措施是否符合作业安全要求,对作业方 案、安全措施不完善部分,提出整改意见。
C. 负责审查工作票范畴内风险危害辨识、安全措施是否正确,提出补充意见。
D. 负责对作业现场进行监督检查,发现违章作业及时制止和上报。
【多选题】
"2.下列属于工作负责人职责的是___
A. 同时依据管网运行工况或条件,确定许可作业时间。
B. 负责根据作业内容,进行风险分析和识别,制定技术方案,提出安全措施、技术措 施。
C. 负责检查工作票所列的安全措施是否正确完善,根据本工作票实际工作内容采取必 须的安全措施,并做好风险预控措施。
D. 负责向有关人员布置工作任务和要求,工作前向参加本次工作的人员交代工作范 围、工作内容、危险点告知以及应采取安全措施等安全交底工作,严格执行工作票所制定 的方案及安全措施;
E. 负责参与、监督、监护现场工作,直至工作终结。
F. 工作负责人可由外单位人员但任,但需经安全监察部对其进行必要的安规考试,合 格后方可担任。
【多选题】
"3.下列属于当班调度职责的是___
A. 负责审查作业对生产运行或安全供气是否造成影响,并提出运行要求或调度指令; 同时依据管网运行工况或条件,确定许可作业时间。
B. 负责上、下游用户协调工作,组织工艺调整或退出运行等操作,满足作业提出的运 行条件。
C. 负责作业期间,定期进行监督、检查、协调,重点监控作业区域工艺流程,发现异 常采取相应措施及时处置。
D. 负责组织进行试运行或恢复备用或投入运行等有关工作。
E. 负责跟踪调度指令的执行情况,重大情况及时请示汇报调度运行中心主任。
F. 负责《临时/应急作业单》的审批工作。
【多选题】
"4.下列属于工作许可人职责的是___
A. 负责审查工作票所辨识的风险危害及所列安全措施是否正确完备,是否符合现场条 件,必要时予以补充。
B. 负责确认工作范围与运行设备是否确已隔绝,核实对禁止操作的阀门或电气开关均 已挂上禁操牌。
C. 负责向工作负责人正确说明哪些设备带压或具有的危险性性等,交待清楚运行已采 取安全措施和注意事项
D. 负责向值班调度汇报调度指令或书面调度令的执行完成情况。
E. 审核工作负责人和作业人员在资质及技能上是否具备胜任的能力。
【多选题】
"5.按照公司《动火工作票管理办法》规定,公司生产区域的动火作业,必须办理动火工作票,下列属于生产区域的是()___
A. 站场(阀室)工艺区
B. 发电机房
C. 水泵房
D. 中控室及其控制
E. 站控室及其控制间
F. UPS间
G. 配电间
H. 控制系统
【多选题】
"6.下列属于动火工作负责人的职责的是()___
A. 负责正确、安全地组织、参与动火工作,组织作业人员学习动火方案,并进行安全技术交底
B. 监督、参与动火工作,动火过程中发现问题,应立即停止动火,并向上级报告
C. 负责动火现场的勘察、确认,辨识动火作业的风险,组织编制动火作业方案,
D. 负责向值班调度汇报调度指令的执行情况。
E. 做好系统的停、复役操作和隔离工作
F. 熟悉应急预案,检查应急物资齐全完好,掌握应急处理方法
【多选题】
"7.对输气站内设备及压力容器,应采取()等措施后实施动火___
【多选题】
"8.二级动火票经动火单位工作负责人填票(ERP 系统上),经维抢修中心专职安全员及以上人员签发,经()审核——生产分管领导批准。___
A. 维抢修中心负责人
B. 技术质量部负责人
C. 调度运行中心负责人
D. 安全监察部负责人
E. 管道保护中心负责人
【多选题】
"9.以下哪些是危险废物___
A. 废油
B. 废铅酸蓄电池
C. 废旧催化剂、化学药品
D. 废旧硒鼓、膜盒
【多选题】
"10.安全防护设施验收资料应包括下列主要内容( )___
A. 施工组织设计中的安全技术措施或专项方案
B. 安全技术规范
C. 安全防护用品用具产品合格证明
D. 安全防护设施验收记录
E. 预埋件隐蔽验收记录
F. 安全防护设施变更记录及签证
【多选题】
"11.下列说法正确的是( )___
A. 禁止上下垂直进行高处作业,如需分层进行作业,中间应有隔离措施
B. 20m以上的高处作业与地面联系应设有相应的通讯装置
C. 同一架梯子只允许一个人在上面工作,不准带人移动梯子
D. 严禁在30℃~40℃的高温环境下从事高空作业
【多选题】
"12.下列说法错误的是( )___
A. 外用电梯、罐笼应有可靠的安全装置
B. 作业人员可以沿着绳索、立杆或栏杆攀爬
C. 禁止在屋架、桁架的上弦、支撑、檩条、挑架、挑梁、砌体、不固定的构件上行走或作业
D. 安全网应每半个月至少检查一次磨损、损坏和老化情况。掉入安全网的材料、构件和工具应及时予以清除。
【多选题】
13.坠落防护应通过采取坠落伤害、坠落预防和坠落控制等措施来实现。坠落防护措施有哪些?___
A. 尽量选择在地面作业,避免高处作业
B. 设置固定的楼梯、护栏、屏障和限制系统
C. 使用工作平台,如脚手架或带升降的工作平台等
D. 使用边缘限位安全绳,以避免作业人员的身体靠近高处作业的边缘
E. 使用坠落保护装备,如配备缓冲装置的全身式安全带和安全绳
【多选题】
"14.管线打开作业前,若编制安全工作方案应包括下列主要内容___
A. 理计划,应具体描述关闭的阀门、排空点和上锁点等,必要时应提供示意图
B. 安全措施,包括管线打开过程中的充氮措施和个人防护装备的要求
C. 应急、救援、监护等预备人员的要求和职责
D. 应急预案
E. 描述管线打开影响的区域,并控制人员进入
【多选题】
"15.需要打开的管线或设备必须与系统隔离,其中的物料应采用排尽、置换、吹扫等方法除尽。清理合格应符合以下要求___
A. 系统温度介于-5℃~60℃之间
B. 已达到大气压力
C. 与气体、蒸汽、雾沫、粉尘的毒性、腐蚀性、易燃性有关的风险已降低到可接受的水平
【多选题】
"16.需要打开的管线或设备必须与系统隔离,其中的物料应采用_______等方法除尽___
【多选题】
"17.管线打开前并不能完全确认已无危险,应在管线打开之前做好以下准备___
A. 确认管线(设备)清理合格
B. 若残存压力或介质在死角截留,应停止工作,重新制定工作计划,明确控制措施,消除或控制风险
C. 若未隔离所有压力或介质的来源,应停止工作,重新制定工作计划,明确控制措施,消除或控制风险
D. 若未在低点排凝和高点排空等,应停止工作,重新制定工作计划,明确控制措施,消除或控制风险
【多选题】
"18.脚手架作业前应进行工作前安全分析。工作前安全分析时应考虑但不限于( )___
A. 高处作业
B. 现场存在的电力线或工艺设备
C. 危险区域划分
D. 作业环境
E. 邻近工作人员的相互影响
F. 脚手架基础或邻近区域挖掘作业的影响
G. 气候的影响
H. 搭设人员资质
【多选题】
"19.在脚手架搭设期间的下列情况时( ),技术负责人应根据脚手架检查清单逐项检查确认,并根据检查结果设置警示牌___
A. 分段搭设的脚手架,在每段搭设完成后
B. 基础完工后及脚手架搭设前
C. 每搭设完10~13m高度后
D. 脚手架搭设完成后
【多选题】
"20.非脚手架作业人员不得调整、修改、拆除脚手架。脚手架调整、修改时,不宜拆除下列杆件( )___
A. 门洞桁架
B. 满堂支撑架
C. 主节点处的纵横向水平杆,纵、横向扫地杆
D. 连墙件、剪刀撑、斜撑
【多选题】
"21.移动式脚手架应符合下列规定( )___
A. 地基应无积水,底座应无松动,立杆应无悬空
B. 使用前应先将脚轮固定
C. 移动脚手架时,平台上不得站人
D. 不得通过平台护栏受力垂直提拉重物
【多选题】
"22.与受限空间内工作有关的危害已完全确定,并已得到控制,可以不填写进入许可证,但必须不含以下( )条件中任何一个条件___
A. 存在或可能产生有毒有害气体
B. 存在或产生可能掩埋进入者的物料
C. 内部结构可能将进入者困在其中(如,内有固定设备或四壁向内倾斜收拢)
D. 存在已识别出的健康、安全风险
【多选题】
"23.符合下列条件之一的围堤,视为受限空间( )___
A. 有高于 1.2m 的垂直墙壁围堤,且围堤内外无修建到顶部的台阶
B. 在围堤区域内,身体暴露于物理或化学的危害之中
C. 围堤区域内无撤离通道
D. 可能存在比空气重的有毒有害气体
【多选题】
"24.符合下列条件之一的挖掘,视为受限空间( )___
A. 沟渠或挖掘深度大于 1.2m,或作业时人员的头部在地面以下的
B. 在沟渠或挖掘区域内,身体暴露于物理或化学的危害之中
C. 在沟渠或挖掘区域内,可能存在比空气重的有毒有害气体
D. 没有撤离通道的
【多选题】
"25.进入受限空间前,应进行清理、清洗。清理、清洗受限空间的方式包括但不限于( )___
A. 清空、置换
B. 清扫(如冲洗、蒸煮、洗涤和漂洗)
C. 中和危害物
D. 空气吹扫
【多选题】
"26.除按标准成套配置的,有插头、连线、插座的专用接线排和接线盘以外的,所有其他用于临时性用电的电气线路,包括___
A. 电缆
B. 电线
C. 电气开关
D. 设备
【多选题】
"27.类用电人员应掌握安全用电基本知识和所用设备的性能,并应符合下列规定___
A. 使用电气设备前必须按规定穿戴和配备好相应的劳动防护用品,并应检查电气装置和保护设施,严禁设备带“缺陷”运车转
B. 保管和维护所用设备,发现问题及时报告解决
C. 暂时停用设备的开关箱必须分断电源隔离开关,并应关门上锁
D. 移动电气设备时,必须经电工切断电源并做妥善处理后进行
推荐试题
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?___
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
【单选题】
大学生的成才目标是___。
A. 培养德智体美全面发展的人才
B. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者
C. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
D. 培养专业化、创新化的人才
【单选题】
世界政治格局发展的必然趋势是___。
A. “多极化”
B. 单边主义
C. 两极格局形成
D. 一超独霸
【单选题】
在全面发展的教育中德、智、体、美是缺一不可,统一存在的,其中处于主导地位的是___。
【单选题】
时代精神的内涵十分丰富,其中___居于核心地位。
A. 艰苦奋斗
B. 自强不息
C. 团结统一
D. 改革创新
【单选题】
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。中华民族在五千年的发展中所形成的伟大民族精神的核心是___。
A. 爱国主义
B. 人道主义
C. 科学主义
D. 革命英雄主义
【单选题】
下列名言反映中华民族是一个艰苦奋斗的民族的有___。
A. 艰难困苦,玉汝于成
B. 先天下之忧而忧
C. 生于忧患,死于安乐
D. 民无信不立
【单选题】
10。___是我们立党立国的根本指导思想
A. 马克思主义
B. 社会主义荣辱观
C. 社会主义思想道德
D. 爱国主义11. 当代大学生的历史使命是(A)
【单选题】
衡量大学生全面发展的一个重要标准是___
A. 知识渊博
B. 品质高尚
C. 德才兼备
D. 知行统一
【单选题】
独立生活意识指___
A. 自己的事情自己处理不需要别人管
B. 自己想干什么就干什么
C. 树立自信、自律、自立、自强的精神
D. 天马行空独来独往
【单选题】
___作为社会主义核心价值体系的精髓,解决的是应当具备什么样的精神状态和精神风貌的问题。
A. 马克思主义的指导地位
B. 中国特色社会主义的共同理想
C. 民族精神和时代精神
D. 社会主义荣辱观
【单选题】
人们对生活在其中的世界及人与世界的关系的总的看法和根本观点就是___
A. 世界观
B. 人生观
C. 价值观
D. 历史观
【单选题】
人生观的核心是___
A. 人生意义
B. 人生目的
C. 人生态度
D. 人生价值
【单选题】
人的本质属性是___
A. 自然属性
B. 自私自利
C. 社会属性
D. 趋利避害
【单选题】
社会主义社会人生价值标准是___
A. 是否拥有金钱财富
B. 自我价值实现的程度
C. 宗教信仰是否虔诚
D. 是否为人民群众尽心尽力服务
【单选题】
回答人为什么活着___
A. 人生态度
B. 人生目的
C. 人生价值
D. 人生意义
【单选题】
表明人应当怎样对待生活___
A. 人生态度
B. 人生目的
C. 人生价值
D. 人生意义
【单选题】
判别什么样的人生才有意义___
A. 人生态度
B. 人生目的
C. 人生价值
D. 价值取向
【单选题】
下列人生态度中正确的是___
A. 认真务实
B. 看破红尘
C. 悲观消沉
D. 满足于现状
【单选题】
下列属于正确的人生目的的是___
A. 追求享乐
B. 为人民服务
C. 追求金钱
D. 追求个人利益
【单选题】
___认为,金钱可以主宰一切.
A. 享乐主义人生观
B. 拜金主义人生观
C. 功利主义人生观
D. 个人主义人生观
【单选题】
___ 认为,社会和他人是达到个人目的的手段。
A. 享乐主义人生观
B. 拜金主义人生观
C. 功利主义人生观
D. 个人主义人生观
【单选题】
___认为,人生的全部内容就在于满足感官的需求与快乐。
A. 享乐主义人生观
B. 拜金主义人生观
C. 功利主义人生观
D. 个人主义人生观
【单选题】
马克思对于人的本质的论断确立与___
A. 《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》
B. 《共产党宣言》
C. 《劳动在才从猿到人转变过程中的作用》D《论黑格尔哲学》
【单选题】
人与自然关系的实质是___
A. 人与人的关系,是社会关系
B. 人对于自然的利用和占有
C. 自然必须服务于人类社会的发展
D. 人与物的占有与被占有的关系
【单选题】
在社会交往和公共生活中公民应该遵守的道德准则是___
A. 职业道德
B. 道德
C. 社会公德
D. 家庭美德
【单选题】
社会公德最基本的要求是___
A. 文明礼貌
B. 遵纪守法
C. 保护环境
D. 助人为乐
【单选题】
通过其规定和实施,影响人们思想,培养和提高人们法律意识,引导人们依法行为的作用是法律的___
A. 指引作用
B. 预测作用
C. 评价作用
D. 教育作用
【单选题】
有序的公共生活是构建和谐社会的___
A. 重要条件
B. 重要作用
C. 重要标志
D. 重要原则