【单选题】
13．马克思恩格斯进一步发展和完善了英国古典经济学理论，是指___
A. 辩证法
B. 历史观
C. 劳动价值论
D. 剩余价值论
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【单选题】
14．马克思主义哲学思想最直接的理论基础是___
A. 古希腊哲学
B. 近代欧洲哲学
C. 德国古典哲学
D. 英国经验论
【单选题】
15．无产阶级的科学世界观和方法论是___
A. 辩证唯物主义
B. 历史唯物主义
C. 辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义
D. 唯物主义
【单选题】
列宁对辩证唯物主义物质范畴的定义是通过___。
A. 物质和意识的关系界定的
B. 一般和个别的关系界定的
C. 哲学与具体科学的关系界定的
D. 认识与实践的关系界定的
【单选题】
物质的“唯一特性”是它的___。
A. 运动的绝对性
B. 本质的可知性
C. 发展的规律性
D. 客观实在性
【单选题】
“人不能两次踏进同一条河流”和“人一次也不能踏进同一条河流”两种说法___。
A. 都是辩证法的观点
B. 前者是辩证法观点，后者是诡辩论观点
C. 都是诡辩论观点
D. 前者是诡辩论观点，后者是辩证法观点
【单选题】
古诗“王子去求仙，丹成入九天，洞中方七日，世上几千年”，这是用神化形式说明时间具有___。
A. 客观性
B. 有限性
C. 可知性
D. 相对性
【单选题】
把思维归结为只是人脑的生理过程的观点是___。
A. 庸俗唯物主义
B. 二元论
C. 客观唯心主义
D. 相对主义
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的核心和实质是___。
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律C、否定之否定规 D、普遍联系和永恒发展
【单选题】
区分事物发展过程中量变和质变的根本标志是___。
A. 事物的变化是否迅速
B. 事物的变化过程是否有部分质变
C. 事物的变化是否超过度的范围
D. 事物的变化是否显著
【单选题】
唯物辩证法和形而上学的根本对立在于是否承认___。
A. 事物的普遍联系
B. 事物的运动、变化和发展
C. 事物发展的动力是内部矛盾
D. 经过量变过渡到质变
【单选题】
哲学的基本问题是___
A. 物质和运动的关系问题
B. 主体和客体的关系问题
C. 运动和静止的关系问题
D. 思维和存在的关系问题
【单选题】
马克思主义哲学首要的和基本的观点是___
A. 物质的观点
B. 运动的观点
C. 实践的观点
D. 发展的观点
【单选题】
马克思主义认为，世界的真正统一性在于它的___
A. 实践性
B. 运动性
C. 物质性
D. 客观性
【单选题】
“坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一千河”，这一著名诗句包含的哲理是 ___
A. 物质运动的客观性和时空的主观性的统一
B. 物质运动无限性和有限性的统一
C. 时空的无限性和有限性的统一
D. 运动的绝对性和静止的相对性的统一
【单选题】
就意识的能动性而言，“人的意识不仅反映客观世界，而且创造客观世界"，这种观点___
A. 夸大了意识的作用
B. 是唯意志主义的一种表现
C. 是对意识能动作用的一种正确的揭示
D. 是唯心主义哲学的一种表现
【单选题】
人们制造飞船，发射火箭，克服地球引力，是___
A. 对规律的认识和利用
B. 对规律的辩证否定
C. 对规律的根本改造
D. 对规律的发展
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的总特征是___
A. 唯物的观点和辩证的观点
B. 联系的观点和发展的观点
C. 实践的观点和可知的观点
D. 运动的观点和静止的观点
【单选题】
“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。”“芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。”这两句诗包含的哲学道理是___
A. 矛盾是事物发展的动力
B. 事物是本质和现象的统一
C. 事物的发展是量变和质变的统一
D. 新事物代替旧事物是事物发展的总趋势
【单选题】
中国古代哲学家公孙龙“白马非马”之说的错误在于___
A. 只看到共性和个性的区别，而没有看到它们之间的联系
B. 只看到共性和个性的联系，而没有看到它们之间的区别
C. 既看到了共性和个性的区别，又看到了它们之间的联系
D. 既没看到共性和个性的区别，又没有看到它们之间的联系
【单选题】
辩证法的否定即“扬弃”，它的含义是指___
A. 抛弃
B. 事物中好的方面和坏的方面的组合
C. 纯粹的否定
D. 既克服又保留
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的否定之否定规律揭示了事物发展的___
A. 方向和道路
B. 形式和状态
C. 结构和功能
D. 源泉和动力
【单选题】
对于同一事物，不同的人有不同的反映，这说明___
A. 意识是主体的自由创造
B. 意识不受客体影响
C. 意识受主体状况的影响
D. 意识的内容是主观的
【单选题】
辩证思维方法从抽象上升到具体的过程是___
A. 从实践到认识的过程
B. 从认识到实践的过程
C. 思维生成现实具体的过程
D. 在思维中形成“多种规定的统一”的过程
【单选题】
否定之否定规律揭示的事物发展的辩证形式是___
A. 事物自我发展自我完善过程
B. 新事物战胜旧事物的过程
C. 事物螺旋式上升或波浪式前进的过程
D. 事物不断周而复始循环的过程
【单选题】
否定之否定规律揭示的事物发展的辩证内容是___
A. 自我发展、自我完善
B. 事物发展的周期性、曲折性
C. 既肯定又否定
D. 既前进又倒退
【单选题】
“没有革命的理论，就没有革命的行动”这句话说明的哲学道理是___
A. 理论高于实践活动
B. 科学理论对实践有指导作用
C. 理论是革命工作的出发点
D. 理论对实践起决定作用
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的根本方法是 ___
A. 观察实验方法
B. 逻辑推理方法
C. 矛盾分析法
D. 归纳演绎方法
【单选题】
人们先设计图纸，然后根据图纸施工建成大楼，这说明___
A. 意识决定物质
B. 意识创造物质
C. 意识对物质有能动作用
D. 意识依赖于物质
【单选题】
中国古代庄子说：“方生方死，方死方生，方可方不可，方不可方可。”这是一种___
A. 抹煞事物质的稳定性的相对主义观点
B. 折衷主义观点
C. 形而上学观点
D. 绝对主义的观点
【单选题】
“马克思主义的最本质的东西，马克思主义的活的灵魂：具体地分析具体情况”。这就是要人们在实践中学会运用___
A. 矛盾普遍性原理
B. 运动、发展的原理
C. 普遍联系的原理
D. 矛盾特殊性原理
【单选题】
荀子说：“不积跬步无以至千里，不积细流无以成江河”。这说明___
A. 量变是质变的准备
B. 质变是量变的必然结果
C. 量变和质变相互包含
D. 量变和质变相互渗透
【单选题】
发展的实质是 ___
A. 前进性和曲折性的统一
B. 量变和质变的相互转化
C. 运动和静止的相对统一
D. 新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
【单选题】
“拔苗助长”的事例是___
A. 重视可能性的表现
B. 忽视可能性的表现
C. 违反事物发展规律的表现
D. 发挥主观能动性的表现
【单选题】
庄子说：“是亦彼也，彼亦是也”。这个命题的哲学思想是___
A. 辩证法的
B. 承认事物的内在联系的
C. 否认事物差别的相对主义观点
D. 将事物差别绝对化的形而上学观点
【单选题】
认识的本质是主体对___
A. 人的心灵活动的反省
B. 客观事物的直观反映
C. 客观事物的能动反映
D. 客体的选择和重构
【单选题】
“从物到感觉和思想”与从“思想和感觉到物”是___。
A. 辩证法与形而上学的对立
B. 可知论与不可知论的对立
C. 经验论与唯理论的对立
D. 唯物主义与唯心主义的对立
【单选题】
真理的相对性应理解为___。
A. 真理和谬误之间没有确定的界限
B. 对同一对象不同的乃至对立的认识都是真理
C. 真理的标准是多重的
D. 真理有待扩展和深化
【单选题】
列宁说：“没有革命的理论，就不会有革命的运动”。这句话应理解为___。
A. 革命运动是由革命理论派生的
B. 革命理论是革命运动的基础
C. 革命理论对革命实践具有最终决定作用
D. 革命理论对革命实践具有重要指导作用
【单选题】
实践是认识的来源，这表明___。
A. 一切知识归根到底来自实践
B. 个人知识都来自直接实践
C. 没有必要学习间接经验
D. 只有通过直接经验才能学到知识
【单选题】
辩证唯物主义认识论首要的基本的观点是___。
A. 对立统一的观点
B. 普遍联系和永恒发展的观点
C. 世界统一于物质的观点
D. 实践观点
推荐试题
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中，在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
【单选题】
采用鼠夹法监测鼠密度，应连续布放______。___
【单选题】
______不属于口岸区域鼠类常用监测方法。___
A. 鼠笼法
B. 鼠夹法
C. 目测法
D. 粉迹法
【单选题】
采用粉迹法监测鼠类密度时，滑石粉块的尺寸是______。___
A. 20cm×20cm
B. 30cm×30cm
C. 40cm×40cm
D. 50cm×50cm
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫幼虫监测指标。___
A. 容器指数
B. 刺叮指数
C. 房屋指数
D. 布雷图指数
【单选题】
______不属于蚊虫成虫监测方法。___
A. 人帐诱法
B. 人工小时法
C. 小黑板法
D. 诱蚊器收集法
