【单选题】
进口的食品、食品添加剂以及食品相关产品,应当符合________。
A. 出口国食品安全标准
B. 我国食品安全国家标准
C. 国际食品安全标准
D. 合同约定的食品安全标准
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相关试题
【单选题】
进口尚无食品安全国家标准的食品,由境外出口商、境外生产企业或者其委托的进口商向____提交所执行的相关国家(地区)标准或者国际标准审查是否暂予适用。
A. 国家卫生健康委员会
B. 国家市场监督管理总局
C. 海关总署
D. 农业农村部
【单选题】
根据《食品安全法》规定,进口商应当建立境外出口商____制度。
【单选题】
未遵守《食品安全法》的规定出口食品,尚不构成犯罪的,没收违法所得和违法生产经营的食品,货值金额10000元以上的,并处货值金额的____罚款。
A. 3倍以下
B. 3倍以上10倍以下
C. 5倍以上10倍以下
D. 10倍以上20倍以下
【单选题】
____对国内市场上销售的进口食品实施监督管理。
A. 卫生行政部门
B. 农业行政部门
C. 食品药品监督管理部门
D. 海关
【单选题】
国家对向我国境内出口食品的境外食品生产企业实施____管理。
【单选题】
进口商应当建立食品、食品添加剂进口和销售记录制度,记录和凭证保存期限不得少于产品保质期满后____。
【单选题】
出口食品生产企业应当保证其出口食品符合____要求。
A. 国内行业标准
B. 国际通行标准
C. 进口国(地区)的标准
D. 国外行业标准
【单选题】
进口商在有关主管部门责令其依照《食品安全法》规定召回进口的食品后,仍拒不召回,尚不构成犯罪的,没收违法所得和违法生产经营的食品;货值金额10000元以上的,处货值金额____的罚款。
A. 3倍以下
B. 3倍以上10倍以下
C. 5倍以上10倍以下
D. 10倍以上20倍以下
【单选题】
有关主管部门责令进口商召回进口食品,进口商拒不召回的,可由____对其进行处罚。
A. 食品药品监督管理部门
B. 海关
C. 公安部门
D. 卫生行政管理部门
【单选题】
因出具虚假检验报告导致发生重大食品安全事故受到开除处分的食品检验机构人员,____不得从事食品检验工作。
A. 3年内
B. 5年内
C. 10年内
D. 终身
【单选题】
某明星在虚假广告中为某食品产品代言,由此对消费者造成的损失,该明星____。
A. 不承担责任
B. 应承担主要责任
C. 应承担公平责任
D. 应承担连带责任
【单选题】
经营明知是不符合食品安全标准的食品,消费者除要求赔偿损失外,还可以向生产者或者经营者要求支付价款10倍或者损失____的赔偿金。
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,海关对检验的进出口商品抽取样品,对验余的样品的正确处理方式是____。
A. 销毁
B. 对逾期不领回的,代为货主保存
C. 通知有关单位在规定的期限领回
D. 扣押
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,进出境的样品、____、暂时进出境的货物以及其他非贸易性物品,免予检验。
A. 礼品
B. 旧机电
C. 固体废物
D. 成套设备
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,海关对进出口企业实施分类管理,对实施许可制度和国家规定必须经过认证的进出口商品实行____管理。
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,非法定检验的进口商品的收货人,发现进口商品质量不合格或者残损、短缺,申请出证的,海关或者其他检验机构应当____。
A. 及时按照收货人的要求出证
B. 不予出证
C. 在检验后及时出证
D. 在调查后及时出证
【单选题】
出口商品应当在商品的____检验。
A. 生产地
B. 目的地
C. 卸货口岸
D. 抵运地口岸
【单选题】
除紧急情况外,必须实施检验的进出口商品目录应当至少在实施之日____前公布。
A. 5日
B. 10日
C. 15日
D. 30日
【单选题】
除紧急情况外,进出口商品检验依照或者参照的技术规范、标准以及检验方法的技术规范和标准,应当至少在实施之日____前公布。
A. 1个月
B. 3个月
C. 6个月
D. 12个月
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,对海关作出的检验结果有异议的,可以自收到检验结果之日起____内提出申请复验。
A. 5日
B. 10日
C. 15日
D. 30日
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,对海关作出的检验结果有异议的,可以依法申请复验,受理海关自收到复验申请之日起最多可以在____内作出复验结论。
A. 15日
B. 30日
C. 60日
D. 90日
【单选题】
根据《进出口商品检验法实施条例》的规定,擅自调换海关抽取的样品或者海关检验合格的进出口商品的,责令改正,给予警告;情节严重的,并处____10%以上50%以下罚款。
A. 违法所得
B. 货值金额
C. 样品金额
D. 拍卖金额
【单选题】
____主管全国进出口商品检验工作。
A. 商务部
B. 国家市场监管总局
C. 国家发改委
D. 海关总署
【单选题】
法定检验的进出口商品符合国家规定的免予检验条件的,经____对申请进行审查批准后免予检验。
A. 海关总署
B. 商务部
C. 国家市场监督管理总局
D. 国家发改委
【单选题】
办理进境检疫审批手续后,____,货主、物主或者其代理人无须重新申请办理检疫审批手续。
A. 变更进境物的品种或者数量的
B. 变更输出国家或者地区的
C. 变更包装的
D. 超过检疫审批有效期的
【单选题】
国家对向中国输出动植物产品的国外生产、加工、存放单位,实行____制度。
A. 注册登记
B. 认可
C. 备案
D. 认证
【单选题】
根据《进出境动植物检疫法》及其实施条例的规定,进境的同一批动植物产品分港卸货时,口岸动植物检疫机关____。
A. 对船上全部货物进行检疫
B. 对本港卸下的货物进行检疫
C. 对未卸货物进行检疫
D. 可不进行检疫
【单选题】
____不属于对输入的动植物、动植物产品和其他检疫物实施检疫的依据。
A. 我国国家标准
B. 我国行业标准
C. 海关总署有关动植物检疫规定
D. 贸易合同订明的检疫要求
【单选题】
根据检疫需要,并商输出动植物、动植物产品国家或者地区政府有关机关同意,海关总署可以派检疫人员赴外进行的工作不包括____。
A. 预检
B. 监装
C. 产地疫情调查
D. 除害
【单选题】
经启运地口岸动植物检疫机关检疫合格的动植物,从启运地随原运输工具出境的,由出境地口岸动植物检疫机关____。
A. 备案放行
B. 验证放行
C. 直接放行
D. 检验放行
【单选题】
来自动植物疫区的船舶、飞机、火车,经检疫发现有禁止进境的动植物、动植物产品和其他检疫物的,口岸动植物检疫机关必须进行____。
A. 退回
B. 熏蒸、消毒
C. 封存或销毁
D. 补办检疫审批手续
【单选题】
海关对进出境动植物、动植物产品的____过程实施动植物检疫监督制度。
A. 生产、运递、加工
B. 加工、存放、运递
C. 生产、存放、运递
D. 生产、加工、存放
【单选题】
向我国境内出口肉类的境外食品生产企业依照食品安全法的规定进行注册,其注册有效期为____。
【单选题】
按照《国务院关于加强食品等产品安全监督管理的特别规定》,质检、药品监督管理部门依据生产经营者的诚信度和质量管理水平以及进口产品风险评估的结果,对进口产品实施____管理,并对进口产品的收货人实施____管理。
A. 备案;分类
B. 分类;备案
C. 分类;诚信
D. 备案;诚信
【单选题】
进口农业转基因生物,没有农业转基因生物安全证书和相关批准文件的,或者与证书、批准文件不符的,口岸海关应当____。
A. 检疫合格后放行
B. 除害处理合格后放行
C. 作退货或者销毁处理
D. 作予以没收处理
【单选题】
十二届全国人大常委会第十四次会议表决通过的新修订的《食品安全法》于____起实行。
A. 2015年1月1日
B. 2015年10月1日
C. 2015年6月1日
D. 2016年1月1日
【单选题】
国家建立食品安全____,对食源性疾病、食品污染以及食品中的有害因素进行监测。
A. 风险监测制度
B. 监督制度
C. 抽检制度
D. 检查制度
【单选题】
____负责组织的食品安全国家标准审评委员会对食品安全国家标准进行审查。
A. 卫生行政部门
B. 农业行政部门
C. 食品药品监督管理部门
D. 质量监督部门
【单选题】
食品生产经营者应当依照____从事生产经营活动,保证食品安全,诚信自律,对社会和公众负责,接受社会监督,承担社会责任。
A. 企业食品安全管理制度
B. 食品生产经营者要求
C. 法律、法规和食品安全标准
D. 食品安全地方政府负总责要求
推荐试题
【单选题】
唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___
A. 事物数量的增加
B. 事物根本性质的变化
C. 事物的一切运动变化
D. 新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
【单选题】
区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___
A. 是不是在新的历史条件下出现的
B. 是不是符合事物发展规律、有强大生命力
C. 是不是具有新形式和新特点
D. 是不是得到绝大多数人的承认
【单选题】
质量互变规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋势
【单选题】
质和事物的存在是___
A. 相互对立的
B. 相互包含的
C. 直接同一的
D. 相互转化的
【单选题】
在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,其关键在于___
A. 抓住事物的主要矛盾
B. 确定事物的质
C. 认识事物的量
D. 把握事物的度
【单选题】
区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___
A. 事物的变化是否显著
B. 事物的变化是否迅速
C. 事物的某些属性是否发生了变化
D. 事物的变化是否超出度的范围
【单选题】
量变的复杂性是指___
A. 量变的程度发展不同
B. 量变形式的多样性和总的量变过程中有部分质变
C. 质变中有量的扩张
D. 量变有在度的范围内的变化和突破度的范围的变化
【单选题】
量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___
A. 事物内部各部分之间变化的不平衡性
B. 事物整体与某些构成部分之间变化的不平衡性
C. 事物与事物之间变化的不平衡性
D. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化的不平衡性
【单选题】
量变中的局部性部分质变是___
A. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化不平衡性的表现
B. 事物的各个部分之间变化不平衡性的表现
C. 事物的内部矛盾和外部条件变化不平衡性的表现
D. 事物的量和质变化不平衡性的表现
【单选题】
揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展规律
【单选题】
“肯定和否定相互渗透,在一定意义上,肯定就是否定。”这是一种___
A. 相对主义诡辩论的观点
B. 唯物辩证法的观点
C. 主观唯心主义的观点
D. 形而上学的观点
【单选题】
事物的否定方面是指___
A. 事物的积极方面
B. 事物的消极方面
C. 事物中维持其存在的方面
D. 事物中促使其灭亡的方面
【单选题】
作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___
A. 既保留又继承
B. 彻底抛弃
C. 既克服又保留
D. 矛盾的调和
【单选题】
辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___
A. 把旧事物完全抛弃
B. 使旧事物发生量变
C. 是新事物产生、旧事物灭亡
D. 是从外部强加给事物的
【单选题】
否定之否定规律___
A. 在事物完成一个发展周期时才能完整地表现出来
B. 在事物发展过程中任何一点上都可以表现出来
C. 在事物经过量变和质变两种状态后表现出来
D. 在事物发展过程中经过肯定和否定两个阶段表现出来
【单选题】
事物发展的周期性体现了___
A. 事物发展的直线性与曲折性的统一
B. 事物发展是一个不断地回到出发点的运动
C. 事物发展的周而复始的循环性
D. 事物发展的前进性和曲折性的统一
【单选题】
直线论的错误在于只看到___
A. 事物发展的周期性而否认了前进性
B. 事物发展的前进性而否认了曲折性
C. 事物发展的间接性而否认了连续性
D. 事物发展的曲折性而否认了周期性
【单选题】
循环论的错误在于___
A. 只看到事物发展的普遍性,没有看到事物发展过程的特殊性
B. 只看到事物的绝对运动,没有看到事物的相对静止
C. 只看到事物发展道路的曲折性,没有看到事物发展趋势的前进性
D. 只看到新旧事物之间的连续性,没有看到新旧事物之间的间断性
【单选题】
对立统一规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋向
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展的规律
【单选题】
辩证法所说的矛盾是指___
A. 人们思维中的前后不一的自相矛盾
B. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的对立统一
C. 对立面之间的相互排斥
D. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的相互依赖
【单选题】
矛盾的基本属性是___
A. 普遍性和特殊性
B. 绝对性和相对性
C. 变动性和稳定性
D. 斗争性和同一性
【单选题】
依据是___
A. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理
B. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理
C. 事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理
D. 事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理
【单选题】
矛盾问题的精髓是___
A. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的问题
B. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性关系的问题
C. 主要矛盾和次要矛盾关系的问题
D. 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面关系的问题
【单选题】
题的方法都是___
A. 重点论
B. 均衡论
C. 一点论
D. 两点论
【单选题】
“任何个别(无论怎样)都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___
A. 特殊性就是普遍性
B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中
C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和
D. 特殊性中包含普遍性
【单选题】
在唯物辩证法看来,水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___
A. 共性和个性的关系
B. 整体和部分的关系
C. 本质和现象的关系
D. 内容和形式的关系
【单选题】
“是就是是,不是就是不是,除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___
A. 形而上学的观点
B. 相对主义的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 辩证法的观点
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
What can we infer from the passage about American people’s economic well-being?___
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
【单选题】
大学生的成才目标是___。
A. 培养德智体美全面发展的人才
B. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者
C. 培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人
D. 培养专业化、创新化的人才
【单选题】
世界政治格局发展的必然趋势是___。
A. “多极化”
B. 单边主义
C. 两极格局形成
D. 一超独霸