相关试题
【单选题】
肾脏的基本功能单位是 ___
A. 肾小球
B. 肾小体
C. 肾小管
D. 集合管
E. 肾单位
【单选题】
可分泌肾素的结构是肾脏的 ___
A. 致密斑
B. 系膜细胞
C. 间质细胞
D. 颗粒细胞
E. 感受器细胞
【单选题】
肾脏致密斑的分泌是直接感受 ___
A. 肾血管血压变化
B. 肾血流 NaCl 含量变化
C. 肾小管内压变化
D. 肾小管液 NaCl 含量变化
E. 入球小动脉牵张刺激
【单选题】
有关肾素的叙述，正确的是___
A. 它是由近端小管细胞分泌的
B. 肾素分泌可导致血钠和水丢失
C. 肾素分泌是由平均肾动脉压升高引起的
D. 它使血管紧张素原转变为血管紧张素Ⅰ
E. 它使血管紧张素Ⅰ转变为血管紧张素Ⅱ
【单选题】
肾脏血液供应的特点是 ___
A. 血流量小
B. 血流分布均匀
C. 肾小管 周围毛细血管内血压高
D. 肾小球毛细血管内血压高
E. 肾血流量易随全身血压波动而变化
【单选题】
肾血流量与全身血液循环相配合主要靠下列哪项来调节___
A. 自身调节
B. 神经体液调节
C. 负反馈调节
D. 正反馈调节
E. 前馈调节
【单选题】
当动脉血压___，肾血流量可保持不变。
A. 80～180mmHg
B. 60～180mmHg
C. 80～120mmHg
D. 100～120mmHg
E. 60～90mmHg
【单选题】
当动脉血压﹤80mmHg时，可出现___
A. 无尿
B. 少尿
C. 多尿
D. 尿量不变
E. 血尿
【单选题】
当动脉血压﹤40mmHg时，可出现___
A. 无尿
B. 少尿
C. 多尿
D. 尿量不变
E. 血尿
【单选题】
尿生成的基本过程不包括___
A. 肾小球滤过
B. 肾小管和集合管的重吸收
C. 近球小管的重吸收
D. 肾小管和结合管的分泌与排泄
E. 以上都对
【单选题】
肾小球滤过的结构基础是___
A. 有效滤过压
B. 滤过膜
C. 肾血流量
D. 动脉血压
E. 滤过率
【单选题】
滤过膜结构不包括___
A. 毛细血管内皮细胞层
B. 基底膜层
C. 肾小囊脏层
D. 肾小囊壁层
E. 滤过裂隙膜
【单选题】
最易通过肾小球滤过膜的物质是 ___
A. 带负电的小分子
B. 带正电的小分子
C. 电中性的小分子
D. 带正电的大分子
E. 带负电的大分子
【单选题】
血液流经肾小球时,促进血浆滤出的直接动力是___
A. 全身动脉血压
B. 肾动脉血压
C. 入球小动脉血压
D. 肾小球毛细血管血压
E. 出球小动脉血压
【单选题】
肾小球滤过的动力是___
A. 肾小球毛细血管血压
B. 肾小球有效滤过压
C. 血浆胶体渗透压
D. 囊内压
E. 血浆晶体渗透压
【单选题】
肾小球有效滤过压等于___
A. 肾小球毛细血管血压—（血浆胶体渗透压+囊内压）
B. 肾小球毛细血管血压—血浆胶体渗透压—囊内压
C. 肾小球毛细血管血压 + 血浆胶体渗透压 + 囊内压
D. 血浆胶体渗透压—（肾小球毛细血管血压+囊内压）
E. 囊内压—（血浆胶体渗透压+肾小球毛细血管血压）
【单选题】
肾小球滤过率是指每分钟___
A. 一个肾单位生成的原尿量
B. 一个肾脏生成的原尿量
C. 两肾生成的原尿量
D. 两肾生成的终尿量
E. 一个肾脏生成的终尿量
【单选题】
滤过分数指下列哪一项的比值 ___
A. 肾小球滤过率/肾血浆流量
B. 肾血浆流量/肾血流量
C. 肾血流量/肾血浆流量
D. 肾小球滤过率/肾血流量
E. 肾血流量/心输出量
【单选题】
正常时,滤过分数约为___
A. 15%
B. 19%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%
【单选题】
下列哪种情况可导致肾小球滤过率增高 ___
A. 肾交感神经兴奋
B. 注射大量肾上腺素
C. 快速静脉滴注生理盐水
D. 静脉滴注高渗葡萄糖液
E. 注射抗利尿激素
【单选题】
静脉滴注生理盐水引起肾小球滤过率增加是由于 ___
A. 肾小球毛细血管压增高
B. 肾内压下降
C. 血浆胶渗压增高
D. 肾血浆流量增多
E. 囊内液胶渗压下降
【单选题】
交感神经兴奋时肾小球滤过率下降是由于 ___
A. 平均动脉压降低
B. 滤过膜通透性降低
C. 囊内压升高
D. 血浆胶体渗透压增高
E. 肾血浆流量降低
【单选题】
肾炎患者出现蛋白尿是由于 ___
A. 肾小球滤过率增高
B. 肾血浆流量增大
C. 血浆蛋白浓度增高
D. 肾小球滤过膜面积增大
E. 滤过膜上带负电荷的糖蛋白减少或消失
【单选题】
在近球小管全部被重吸收的物质是 ___
A. 葡萄糖、氨基酸、维生素
B. H2O、Na+ 、Cl- 、K+
C. 尿素、尿酸
D. 肌酐
E. 氨
【单选题】
对肾小管和集合管重吸收的说明，不正确的是 ___
A. 近球小管重吸收能力最强
B. 水、尿素、HCO3- 均为被动重吸收
C. 近球小管重吸收水量最多，对尿量影响最大
D. 葡萄糖、氨基酸、微量蛋白均为主动重吸收
E. Na+ 、Cl- 的重吸收主动和被动兼有
【单选题】
肾小球滤过液中，大部分溶质重吸收的部位是___
A. 远曲小管
B. 集合管
C. 近端小管
D. 远曲小管和集合管
E. 髓袢
【单选题】
近球小管重吸收的关键动力是 ___
A. 基侧膜上的 Na+ 泵
B. 管腔膜上的同向转运
C. 管腔膜上的逆向转运
D. 管腔膜上的电中性转运
E. 管腔膜上的生电性转运
【单选题】
下列哪项属于被动转运 ___
A. 水从低渗透压侧至高渗透压一侧
B. Na+从低浓度侧至高浓度侧
C. 葡萄糖从低浓度侧至高浓度侧
D. 氨基酸从低浓度侧至高浓度侧
E. 蛋白质进入细胞
【单选题】
关于近球小管对Na+重吸收的叙述，下列哪项错误___
A. 近球小管重吸收的Na+量约为滤过量的65%-70%
B. Na+的重吸收属于主动转运
C. Na+泵位于肾小管上皮细胞管腔膜上
D. Na+泵位于肾小管上皮细胞的管侧膜和管周膜上
E. Na+的重吸收有利于水和Cl-的重吸收
【单选题】
在髓袢升支粗段关于Cl-重吸收的描述，下列哪项错误___
A. 有利于外髓高渗梯度形成
B. 与Na+、K+重吸收有关
C. 三种离子通过共同载体重吸收的比例为2Na+:Cl-:K+
D. 为继发性主动转运
E. 可被速尿所阻断
【单选题】
关于Na+ 、Cl-- 重吸收的叙述，错误的是___
A. 滤液中99%以上被重吸收
B. 70%在近球小管处重吸收
C. Na+ 是主动重吸收，大部分Cl- 是被动重吸收
D. 髓袢升支粗段，Na+ 和Cl- 均为主动重吸收
E. 远曲小管和集合管对Na+ 重吸收受ADH调节
【单选题】
肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收占滤过量的___
A. 70℅
B. 80℅
C. 90℅
D. 99℅
E. 60℅
【单选题】
肾小管对 HCO3- 的重吸收 ___
A. 以 HCO3-的形式吸收
B. 以 CO2 的形式吸收
C. 主要在远球小管进行
D. 滞后于 Cl-的吸收
E. 不依赖于H+的分泌
【单选题】
葡萄糖的重吸收与下列哪种离子相伴联___
A. K+
B. Ca2+
C. Cl-
D. Na+
E. Mg2+
【单选题】
在肾脏，葡萄糖大部分被重吸收的部位是___
A. 近曲小管
B. 髓袢降支
C. 髓袢升支
D. 远曲小管
E. 集合管
【单选题】
葡萄糖的吸收只限于___
A. 远曲小管
B. 近端小管
C. 集合管
D. 隋袢
E. 都不是
【单选题】
肾糖阈是指 ___
A. 尿中开始出现葡萄糖时的血糖浓度
B. 肾小球开始滤过葡萄糖时的血糖浓度
C. 肾小管开始吸收葡萄糖的血糖浓度
D. 肾小管吸收葡萄糖的最大能力
【单选题】
肾糖阈的数值是___
A. 80-120mg%
B. 100-140mg%
C. 120-160mg%
D. 160-180mg%
E. 180-200mg%
【单选题】
对葡萄糖重吸收的说明，错误的是___
A. 滤液和血液的葡萄糖浓度相等
B. 葡萄糖在肾小管各段被重吸收
C. 葡萄糖的重吸收需钠泵参与
D. 肾小管对葡萄糖重吸收有一定限度
E. 肾糖阈指尿中开始出现葡萄糖时的血糖浓度
【单选题】
肾小管液中的氨基酸被重吸收的部位主要在___
A. 近曲小管
B. 髓袢细段
C. 集合管
D. 远曲小管
E. 髓袢升支粗段
推荐试题
【单选题】
William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _________ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A. peculiarly
B. indifferently
C. vigorously
D. inevitably
【单选题】
When people become unemployed, it is _______ which is often worse than lack of wages.___
A. laziness
B. poverty
C. idleness
D. inability
【单选题】
In previous times, then fresh meat was in short __________, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.
A. store
B. provision
C. reserve
D. supply
【单选题】
Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _________.___
A. appreciated
B. approved
C. appealed
D. applied
【单选题】
It is our ___________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.___
A. consistent
B. continuous
C. considerate
D. continual
【单选题】
He is __________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.___
A. optimistic
B. optional
C. outstanding
D. obvious
【单选题】
The director was critical _______________ the way we were doing the work.___
A. at
B. in
C. of
D. with
【单选题】
In a sudden _____________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.___
A. attack
B. burst
C. split
D. blast
【单选题】
In Britain people _____________ four million tons of potatoes every year.___
A. swallow
B. dispose
C. consume
D. exhaust
【单选题】
I'd _____________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.___
A. take into account
B. account for
C. make up for
D. make out
【单选题】
She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _____________ enough to eat.___
A. mild
B. slight
C. light
D. tender
【单选题】
The computer revolution may well change society as _____________ as did the Industrial Revolution.___
A. certainly
B. insignificantly
C. fundamentally
D. comparatively
【单选题】
A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ___________.___
A. nuisance
B. trouble
C. worry
D. anxiety
【单选题】
As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _________ it.___
A. postpone
B. refuse
C. delay
D. cancel
【单选题】
When a fire _________ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.___
A. broke of
B. broke out
C. broke down
D. broke up
【单选题】
The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could __________.___
A. stand up to
B. make up for
C. come up with
D. put up with
【单选题】
The student was just about to ___________ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer.___
A. arrive at
B. submit to
C. work out
D. give up
【单选题】
When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _________.___
A. reach
B. hand
C. hold
D. place
【单选题】
The _________ of blood always makes him feel sick.___
A. sight
B. view
C. look
D. form
【单选题】
In Britain, the best season of the year is probably __________ spring.___
A. later
B. last
C. latter
D. late
【单选题】
Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _________ sickness.___
A. normal
B. regular
C. average
D. ordinary
【单选题】
Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _________ to his confusion.___
A. extended
B. amounted
C. added
D. turned
【单选题】
A completely new situation will ___________ when the examination system comes into existence.___
A. arise
B. rise
C. raise
D. arouse
【单选题】
Cancer is second only __________ heart disease as a cause of death.___
A. of
B. to
C. with
D. from
【单选题】
The manager needs an assistant that he can _________ to take care of problems in his absence.___
A. count on
B. count in
C. count up
D. count out
【单选题】
We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came __________ view.___
A. from
B. in
C. before
D. into
【单选题】
They took ________ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.___
A. fruitful
B. beneficial
C. valid
D. effective
【单选题】
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests.___
A. when
B. since
C. before
D. after
【单选题】
In developing countries people are _______ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.___
A. breaking
B. filling
C. pouring
D. hurrying
【单选题】
There are other problems which I don't propose to ____________ at the moment.___
A. go into
B. go around
C. go for
D. go up
【单选题】
It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _________ knowledge.___
A. extensive
B. expansive
C. intensive
D. expensive
【单选题】
I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n) ______ promise to help you.___
A. exact
B. defined
C. definite
D. sure
【单选题】
The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally ________ because of the bad weather.___
A. set off
B. broken off
C. worn off
D. called off
【单选题】
It has been revealed that some government leaders _______ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.___
A. employ
B. take
C. abuse
D. overlook
【单选题】
Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.___
A. intention
B. attempt
C. purpose
D. desire
【单选题】
The store had to _______ a number of clerks because sales were down.___
A. lay out
B. lay off
C. lay aside
D. lay down
【单选题】
All the students in this class passed the English exam ________ the exception of Li Ming.___
A. on
B. in
C. for
D. with
【单选题】
Writing is a slow process, requiring _______ thought, time, and effort.___
A. significant
B. considerable
C. enormous
D. numerous
【单选题】
Lightning is a ______ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.___
A. rush
B. rainbow
C. rack
D. ribbon
【单选题】
I caught a ________ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.___
A. vision
B. glimpse
C. look
D. scene
