【单选题】
逆流再生离子交换器与顺流再生离子交换器比较，在结构上的主要区别是___。
A. 有压脂层；
B. 有中间排液装置；
C. 有压缩空气顶压；
D. 有水顶压。
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【单选题】
锅炉水冷壁管结垢后可造成___。
A. 传热增强，管壁温度升高；
B. 传热增强，管壁温度降低；
C. 传热减弱，管壁温度降低；
D. 传热减弱，管璧温度升高。
【单选题】
冲灰管道结垢和pH值增高的主要原因是粉煤灰含___。
A. 游离氧化钙；
B. 氧化硅；
C. 氧化铝；
D. 氧化钾。
【单选题】
凝汽器的冷却水侧，比较容易结碳酸垢部位是___。
A. 入口段；
B. 中间段；
C. 出口段；
D. 整个管段。
【单选题】
用EDTA滴定Fe3+、Al3+共存溶液中的Fe3+时，应将pH值控制在___。
A. 1.2；
B. 3.6；
C. 4.2；
D. 8.
【单选题】
相同条件下，消耗再生剂最多的是___。
A. 顺流再生固定床；
B. 浮动床；
C. 移动床；
D. 逆流再生固定床。
【单选题】
下列设备中，树脂需移至体外进行反洗的设备是___。
A. 顺流再生固定床；
B. 逆流再生固定床；
C. 浮动床；
D. 双流床。
【单选题】
当双层床处于运行或再生的情况下时，下列说法正确的是___。
A. 水和再生液都先通过强型树脂。
B. 水和再生液都先通过弱型树脂。
C. 运行时，水先通过强型树脂；再生时，再生液先通过弱型树脂。
D. 运行时，水先通过弱型树脂；再生时，再生液先通过强型树脂。
【单选题】
电导率仪测定超纯水时，应选用电极常数为___的电极。
A. 0.1；
B. 1以上；
C. 10；
D. 10以上。
【单选题】
原电池是将___的一种装置。
A. 化学能转变为电能；
B. 电能转变为化学；C、化学能转变为热能； D、热能转变成化学能。
【单选题】
比色皿被有机试剂着色后，可用___清洗。
A. 铬酸洗液；
B. 洗涤剂；
C. 1：2的盐酸-乙醇溶液；
D. 除盐水。
【单选题】
滤池运行一段时间后，当水的压头损失达到一定值时就应进行___操作。
A. 正洗；
B. 反洗；
C. 排污；
D. 风擦洗后，大量水冲洗。
【单选题】
用NaOH滴定H3P04时，确定第一等当点可选用的指示剂为___。
A. 中性红；
B. 百里酚酞；
C. 甲基红；
D. 酚酞。
【单选题】
使天平指针位移一格或一个分度所需增加的质量为天平的___。
A. 灵敏度；
B. 感量；
C. 准确度；
D. 精度。
【单选题】
提高交换器中全部离子交换剂交换能力可通过___来实现。
A. 提高树脂层高度；
B. 提高水流速；
C. 增大交换剂粒度；
D. 提高水流温度。
【单选题】
取样导管上，靠近冷却器处常装___个阀门。
【单选题】
逆流再生固定床在再生过程中，为防止树脂乱层，从交换器顶部送入压缩空气，气压应维持___Mpa
A. 0～0.03；
B. 0.03～0.05；
C. 0.06～0.08；
D. 大于0.08。
【单选题】
下列化学清洗剂中适用于“开路”法清洗的是___。
A. 盐酸；
B. 氢氟酸；
C. 柠檬酸；
D.
E. DTA。
【单选题】
鼓风式除碳器一般可将水中的游离C02含量降至___mg/L以下。
A. 50；
B. 5；
C. 10；
D. 15。
【单选题】
除盐设备使用的石英砂、瓷环在投产前常需要___。
A. 大量水冲洗；
B. 用5%碱浸泡；
C. 用除盐水浸24h；
D. 用5%～10%盐酸浸泡。
【单选题】
手工取样流速通常保持在___ mL/min
A. 200～300；
B. 300—400；
C. 350～500；
D. 500～700.
【单选题】
活性炭是由含___为主的物质作为原料，经高温炭化和活化制成的疏水性吸附剂。
【单选题】
.测定微量硅时，加药顺序是___。
A. 酸性钼酸铵一酒石酸一1，2，4酸；
B. 1，2，4酸一酒石酸一酸性钼酸铵；
C. 酸性钼酸铵一1，2，4酸一酒石酸；
D. 酒石酸一酸性铝酸铵一1，2，4酸。
【单选题】
浮动床水垫层过高可导致床层在成床或落床时发生___现象。
A. 压实；
B. 乱层；
C. 过快；
D. 过慢。
【单选题】
.用硫酸作再生剂时，采用先低浓度后高浓度的目的是为了___。
A. 提高再生效率；
B. 防止硫酸钙沉淀；
C. 降低酸耗；
D. 缩短再生时间。
【单选题】
逆流再生固定床再生时加水顶压的目的是 ___。
A. 防止乱层；
B. 稀释再生液；
C. 防止中排承压力高；
D. 节省除盐水。
【单选题】
天然水经混凝处理后，水中的硬度___。
A. 有所降低；
B. 有所增加；
C. 基本不变；
D. 为零
【单选题】
遇到不同类型的树脂混在一起，可利用它们___的不同进行简单分离。
A. 酸碱性；
B. 粒度；
C. 密度；
D. 选择性。
【单选题】
测定水的硬度，常选用___作指示剂。
A. 铬黑T；
B. 甲基橙；
C. 酚酞；
D. 氯化亚锡。
【单选题】
石英砂滤池反洗操作时，滤层膨胀高度约为层高度的___。
A. 25%～50%；
B. 5%～10%；
C. 5%；
D. 10%
【单选题】
浮动床正常运行流速一般控制在___m/h。
A. 5～20；
B. 30～50；
C. 50～100；
D. 20。
【单选题】
逆流再生离子交换器压实层树脂的作用是___。
A. 使制水均匀；
B. 备用树脂；
C. 防止再生时乱层；
D. 反洗时不易跑树脂。
【单选题】
如果发现电极敏感泡外壁有微锈，应将其放在___溶液中浸泡予以快速除锈处理。
A. HCl；
B. 稀H2SO4；
C. 浓NaOH；
D. NaCl。
【单选题】
使用酸度计测定溶液的pH值，指针达到平衡时间较长，原因是___。
A. 电极断路；
B. 电极引出线接触不良；
C. 溶液各部分不均匀；
D. 电极老化。
【单选题】
制水设备的气动门，操作用气的压力不应小于___MPa。
A. 0.2；
B. 0.6；
C. 0.4；
D. 0.8.
【单选题】
逆流再生除盐设备大反洗后，再生时再生剂用量要比通常再生多___倍。
【单选题】
用玻璃电极测定溶液的pH值，原理是玻璃电极的电位与___呈线性关系。
A. 硬度；
B. H+浓度；
C. 离子含量；
D. 浊度。
【单选题】
酸度计用玻璃电极作测定H+活度的___，甘汞电极作参比电极。
A. 指示电极；
B. 参比电极；
C. 氧化电极；
D. 标准电极。
【单选题】
001×7型树脂是___。
A. 强酸阳离子交换树脂；
B. 弱酸阳离子交换树脂；
C. 强碱阴离子交换树脂；
D. 弱碱阴离子交换树脂。
【单选题】
校正pNa表时，采用pNa4定位液定位，其[Na+]为___mg/L。
A. 23；
B. 0.023；
C. 0.23；
D. 2.3。
【单选题】
测定水中活性硅时，加入1，2，4酸的目的是___。
A. 消除磷酸盐的干扰；
B. 调整水样的pH值；
C. 使硅钼黄变为硅钼蓝；
D. 防止沉淀。
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They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在24h内不能到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送，如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病，其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测，取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
