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【单选题】
《浙江省消防条例》属于( )。
A. 法律
B. 行政法规
C. 部门规章
D. 地方法规
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D
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【单选题】
《生产经营单位安全培训规定》属于( )。
A. 法律
B. 行政法规
C. 部门规章
D. 地方法规
【单选题】
某生产经营单位发生一起生产安全事故,死亡2人,重伤10人,根据国务院493号令,该事故属于( )。
A. 特别重大事故
B. 重大事故
C. 较大事故
D. 一般事故
【单选题】
根据安全生产法律法规,建立健全并组织落实安全生产责任是( )的法定职责。
A. 企业主要负责人
B. 分管安全负责人
C. 部门负责人
D. 班组长
【单选题】
根据《安全生产事故隐患排查治理暂行规定》,生产经营单位是事故隐患排查、治理和( )的责任主体。
A. 整改
B. 救援
C. 处理
D. 防控
【单选题】
某生产经营单位发生一起较大事故,应由( )组织调查。
A. 省级人民政府
B. 设区的市级人民政府
C. 区、县级人民政府
D. 设区的市级安监局
【单选题】
某生产经营单位发生一起生产安全事故,没有造成人员伤亡,但造成直接经济损失1200万元,根据国务院493号令,该事故属于( )。
A. 特别重大事故
B. 重大事故
C. 较大事故
D. 一般事故
【单选题】
根据《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》,发生较大事故的事故发生单位主要负责人未依法履行安全生产管理职责,导致事故发生的,处上一年年收入( )的罚款。
A. 0.3
B. 0.4
C. 0.6
D. 0.8
【单选题】
根据《刑法》修正案,在生产、作业中违反有关安全管理的规定,因而发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,处( )以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
A. 1年
B. 2年
C. 3年
D. 5年
【单选题】
根据《刑法》修正案,强令他人违章冒险作业,因而发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,处( )以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
A. 1年
B. 2年
C. 3年
D. 5年
【单选题】
生产安全事故报告后出现新情况,以及自事故(除道路交通事故、火灾事故)发生之日起( )日内伤亡人数发生变化的,应当及时补报。
A. 7
B. 10
C. 15
D. 30
【单选题】
《浙江省省委 省政府关于加强安全生产促进安全发展的意见》要求各地、各部门针对安全生产突出问题,大力推进"智慧高速"、"智慧消防"、"( )"、"智慧交通"、"智慧安居"等试点工作。
A. 智慧企业
B. 智慧社区
C. 智慧安监
D. 智慧电力
【单选题】
定期组织或者参与生产安全事故应急救援演练是生产经营单位( )的职责。
A. 主要负责人
B. 分管安全负责人
C. 安全生产管理人员
D. 安全生产管理机构
【单选题】
《浙江省安全生产条例》规定,离岗( )以上或者换岗的从业人员,上岗前应当重新进行安全生产教育和培训。
A. 三个月
B. 六个月
C. 九个月
D. 一年
【单选题】
《浙江省安全生产条例》规定,生产经营单位应当建立从业人员安全生产教育和培训档案,如实记录安全生产教育和培训的时间、内容、参加人员以及考核结果等情况。安全生产教育和培训记录由从业人员本人核对并签名。记录保存期限不得少于( )年。
A. 一年
B. 两年
C. 三年
D. 五年
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定,生产经营单位新建、改建、扩建工程项目的( ),必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。
A. 生活设施
B. 配套设施
C. 安全设施
D. 设施设备
【单选题】
《生产安全事故应急预案管理办法》(总局令第88号)规定,生产经营单位应急预案分为综合应急预案、专项应急预案和( )。
A. 重点处置方案
B. 现场处置方案
C. 单项应急预案
D. 特殊应急预案
【单选题】
创建安全生产标准化工作采用( )的模式,结合自身的特点,建立并保持安全生产标准化系统。
A. 三同时
B. 安全生产,人人有责
C. 五同时
D. 策划、实施、检查、改进
【单选题】
《工伤保险条例》规定,职工因工死亡的,一次性工亡补助金标准为上一年度( )人均可支配收入的20倍。
A. 全国城镇居民
B. 全国职工
C. 各省城镇居民
D. 全国
【单选题】
《浙江省安全生产条例》规定,重大事故隐患排除后,由( )组织有关专业技术人员或者委托安全生产技术、管理服务机构对整改情况进行验收,形成验收报告。
A. 施工单位
B. 生产经营单位
C. 中介机构
D. 负有安全生产监督管理职责的部门
【单选题】
《浙江省安全生产条例》规定,生产经营单位应当建立从业人员安全生产教育和培训档案,如实记录安全生产教育和培训的时间、内容、参加人员以及考核结果等情况。安全生产教育和培训记录由( )核对并签名。
A. 专职安全生产管理人员
B. 部门负责人
C. 班组长
D. 从业人员本人
【单选题】
保障人民群众( )安全,是制定《安全生产法》的目的之一。
A. 生命
B. 财产
C. 生命和财产
D. 生命和健康
【单选题】
《中共中央 国务院关于推进安全生产领域改革发展的意见》强调严格落实企业主体责任,企业实行全员安全生产责任制度,法定代表人和( )同为安全生产第一责任人。
A. 总经理
B. 董事长
C. 实际控制人
D. 股东
【单选题】
安全生产是指生产经营单位在组织生产经营活动过程中,为避免发生( )和财产损失等事故,而采取消除或控制危险有害因素,保障人身安全与健康、设备和设施免受损坏、环境免遭破坏等相应的事故预防和控制措施,以保证生产经营活动顺利进行的相关活动。
A. 人员伤害
B. 人员死亡
C. 意外
D. 危险
【单选题】
运用强制原理的原则包括( )。
A. 安全第一原则
B. 预防为主原则
C. 监督检查原则
D. 综合治理原则
【单选题】
企业安全生产管理台帐建设应做到整齐全面、分类归档、查找方便、( ),全面反映企业落实安全生产主体责任,加强安全生产管理的真实情况。
A. 认真细致
B. 真实可靠
C. 装订封存
D. 易于查找
【单选题】
安全生产责任制是按照"安全第一、预防为主、综合治理"方针和"管生产经营必须同时管安全"的原则,以及"党政同责、( )、齐抓共管"的要求,将各级、各部门、各岗位人员在安全生产方面应做的工作和应负的责任加以明确规定的一种制度。
A. 一岗双职
B. 人人有责
C. 一岗双责
D. 各负其责
【单选题】
从业人员对管理人员强令冒险作业的命令,应该( )。
A. 拒绝
B. 服从指挥
C. 不予理睬 ‘
D. 有条件服从
【单选题】
生产经营单位与从业人员订立的劳动合同,应当载明有关保障从业人员劳动安全、防止职业危害的事项,以及依法为从业人员办理( )的事项。
A. 工伤保险
B. 社会保险
C. 工伤社会保险
D. 失业保险
【单选题】
在安全生产方面,国家对女职工和未成年工实行( )。
A. 特殊社会保障
B. 特殊劳动保护
C. 特殊劳动保险
D. 特殊安全保障
【单选题】
不安全状态是指能导致事故发生的( )。
A. 人为错误
B. 管理缺陷
C. 物质条件
D. 环境条件
【单选题】
企业必须认真对新工人进行安全生产三级教育,并且经过考核合格后,才能准许进入操作岗位。三级教育不包括( )。
A. 厂级教育
B. 车间级教育
C. 小组级教育
D. 班组级教育
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定,安全生产工作应当以人为本,坚持安全发展,坚持( )的方针
A. 安全第一、预防为主、综合治理
B. 安全生产人人有责
C. 安全为了生产,生产必须安全
D. 管生产就要管安全
【单选题】
根据《生产经营单位安全培训规定》,从业人员调整工作岗位或离岗一年以上重新上岗时,应进行相应的( )安全生产教育培训。
A. 专门的
B. 厂级和车间级
C. 车间级和班组级
D. 厂级和班组级
【单选题】
根据终身教育的观念,生产经营单位应当对在岗的从业人员进行( )的安全生产教育培训。
A. 全面
B. 长期
C. 经常性
D. 临时性
【单选题】
特种作业中的高处作业包括登高架设作业、( )。
A. 起重作业
B. 化工设备日常巡查作业
C. 电梯运行操作
D. 高处安装、维护、拆除作业
【单选题】
高处作业是指在距坠落高度基准面( )及以上有可能坠落的高处进行的作业。
A. 1m
B. 2m
C. 5m
D. 10m
【单选题】
( )的作用是预防作业人员从高处坠落致伤害。
A. 安全带
B. 安全帽
C. 安全鞋
D. 软底鞋
【单选题】
当遇到火灾时,要迅速向( )逃生。
A. 着火相反的方向
B. 人员多的方向
C. 安全出口的方向
D. 楼顶方向
【单选题】
《安全生产法》规定,生产经营单位的特种作业人员必须按照国家有关规定经专门的安全作业培训,取得( ),方可上岗作业。
A. 优异成绩
B. 培训合格证
C. 相应资格
D. 上岗证
【单选题】
生产经营单位的主要负责人对生产安全事故隐瞒不报、谎报或者( )的,给予降级、撤职的处分,并由安全生产监督管理部门根据《安全生产法》规定给予罚款。
A. 漏报
B. 迟报
C. 被举报
D. 不报
推荐试题
【单选题】
在客观规律面前,人的主观能动性表现在___
A. 人可以改变规律
B. 人可以创造规律
C. 人可以消灭规律
D. 人可以认识和利用规律
【单选题】
事物的联系和运动之间的关系___
A. 相互联系构成运动
B. 运动和发展引起质变
C. 发展引起运动
D. 普遍联系和永恒发展
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的总特征是___
A. 量变和质变的观点
B. 辩证否定的观点
C. 联系和发展的观点
D. 对立统一的观点
【单选题】
___
A. 事物的联系是普遍的、无条件的
B. 事物的联系是现实的、具体的
C. 事物的运动是客观的、绝对的
D. 事物发展的根本原因是事物的内部矛盾
【单选题】
“割下来的手就不再是人手”这句话体现了___
A. 形而上学片面的、孤立的观点
B. 辩证法普遍联系的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 诡辩论的观点
【单选题】
唯物辩证法认为发展的实质是___
A. 事物数量的增加
B. 事物根本性质的变化
C. 事物的一切运动变化
D. 新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡
【单选题】
区分新事物和旧事物的标志在于看它们___
A. 是不是在新的历史条件下出现的
B. 是不是符合事物发展规律、有强大生命力
C. 是不是具有新形式和新特点
D. 是不是得到绝大多数人的承认
【单选题】
质量互变规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋势
【单选题】
质和事物的存在是___
A. 相互对立的
B. 相互包含的
C. 直接同一的
D. 相互转化的
【单选题】
在实际工作中,要注意掌握分寸,防止“过”或“不及”,其关键在于___
A. 抓住事物的主要矛盾
B. 确定事物的质
C. 认识事物的量
D. 把握事物的度
【单选题】
区分量变和质变的根本标志是看___
A. 事物的变化是否显著
B. 事物的变化是否迅速
C. 事物的某些属性是否发生了变化
D. 事物的变化是否超出度的范围
【单选题】
量变的复杂性是指___
A. 量变的程度发展不同
B. 量变形式的多样性和总的量变过程中有部分质变
C. 质变中有量的扩张
D. 量变有在度的范围内的变化和突破度的范围的变化
【单选题】
量变中的阶段性部分质变表现了___
A. 事物内部各部分之间变化的不平衡性
B. 事物整体与某些构成部分之间变化的不平衡性
C. 事物与事物之间变化的不平衡性
D. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化的不平衡性
【单选题】
量变中的局部性部分质变是___
A. 事物的本质属性与非本质属性之间变化不平衡性的表现
B. 事物的各个部分之间变化不平衡性的表现
C. 事物的内部矛盾和外部条件变化不平衡性的表现
D. 事物的量和质变化不平衡性的表现
【单选题】
揭示事物发展的趋势和道路的规律是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展规律
【单选题】
“肯定和否定相互渗透,在一定意义上,肯定就是否定。”这是一种___
A. 相对主义诡辩论的观点
B. 唯物辩证法的观点
C. 主观唯心主义的观点
D. 形而上学的观点
【单选题】
事物的否定方面是指___
A. 事物的积极方面
B. 事物的消极方面
C. 事物中维持其存在的方面
D. 事物中促使其灭亡的方面
【单选题】
作为辩证的否定的“扬弃”是___
A. 既保留又继承
B. 彻底抛弃
C. 既克服又保留
D. 矛盾的调和
【单选题】
辩证的否定是事物发展的环节,因为辩证的否定___
A. 把旧事物完全抛弃
B. 使旧事物发生量变
C. 是新事物产生、旧事物灭亡
D. 是从外部强加给事物的
【单选题】
否定之否定规律___
A. 在事物完成一个发展周期时才能完整地表现出来
B. 在事物发展过程中任何一点上都可以表现出来
C. 在事物经过量变和质变两种状态后表现出来
D. 在事物发展过程中经过肯定和否定两个阶段表现出来
【单选题】
事物发展的周期性体现了___
A. 事物发展的直线性与曲折性的统一
B. 事物发展是一个不断地回到出发点的运动
C. 事物发展的周而复始的循环性
D. 事物发展的前进性和曲折性的统一
【单选题】
直线论的错误在于只看到___
A. 事物发展的周期性而否认了前进性
B. 事物发展的前进性而否认了曲折性
C. 事物发展的间接性而否认了连续性
D. 事物发展的曲折性而否认了周期性
【单选题】
循环论的错误在于___
A. 只看到事物发展的普遍性,没有看到事物发展过程的特殊性
B. 只看到事物的绝对运动,没有看到事物的相对静止
C. 只看到事物发展道路的曲折性,没有看到事物发展趋势的前进性
D. 只看到新旧事物之间的连续性,没有看到新旧事物之间的间断性
【单选题】
对立统一规律揭示了___
A. 事物发展的动力和源泉
B. 事物发展的状态和过程
C. 事物发展的方向和道路
D. 事物发展的两种趋向
【单选题】
唯物辩证法的实质和核心是___
A. 对立统一规律
B. 质量互变规律
C. 否定之否定规律
D. 联系和发展的规律
【单选题】
辩证法所说的矛盾是指___
A. 人们思维中的前后不一的自相矛盾
B. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的对立统一
C. 对立面之间的相互排斥
D. 事物之间或事物内部各要素之间的相互依赖
【单选题】
矛盾的基本属性是___
A. 普遍性和特殊性
B. 绝对性和相对性
C. 变动性和稳定性
D. 斗争性和同一性
【单选题】
依据是___
A. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理
B. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理
C. 事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理
D. 事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理
【单选题】
矛盾问题的精髓是___
A. 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性关系的问题
B. 矛盾的同一性和斗争性关系的问题
C. 主要矛盾和次要矛盾关系的问题
D. 矛盾的主要方面和次要方面关系的问题
【单选题】
题的方法都是___
A. 重点论
B. 均衡论
C. 一点论
D. 两点论
【单选题】
“任何个别(无论怎样)都是一般”。这句话的正确含义是___
A. 特殊性就是普遍性
B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中
C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和
D. 特殊性中包含普遍性
【单选题】
在唯物辩证法看来,水果同苹果、梨、香蕉、桔子等的关系是___
A. 共性和个性的关系
B. 整体和部分的关系
C. 本质和现象的关系
D. 内容和形式的关系
【单选题】
“是就是是,不是就是不是,除此之外都是鬼话。”这是一种___
A. 形而上学的观点
B. 相对主义的观点
C. 唯心主义的观点
D. 辩证法的观点
【单选题】
真象和假象的区别在于___
A. 真象是客观的,假象是主观的
B. 真象表现本质,假象不表现本质
C. 真象深藏于事物内部,假象外露于事物外部
D. 真象从正面直接地表现本质,假象从反面歪曲地表现本质
【单选题】
有的哲学家说,在大风扬起的尘土中,每一粒尘土的运动状况都是纯粹必然的。这是种___
A. 辩证唯物主义决定论的观点
B. 形而上学的机械决定论的观点
C. 唯心主义非决定论的观点
D. 庸俗唯物主义的观点
【单选题】
“或然率”是指___
A. 可能性在质上的一种科学说明和测定
B. 可能性在量上的一种科学说明和测定
C. 必然性的一种科学说明和判定
D. 偶然性的一种科学说明和测定
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?___
A. It is based on questionable statistics.
B. It reflects the economic changes.
C. It evidences the improved welfare.
D. It provides much food for thought.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people’s livelihood.
C. It focuses on people’s consumption rather that their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people’s economic well-being.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real consumption per person?___
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
【单选题】
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare. Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?___
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country’s current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people’s awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country’s slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country’s economic conditions between different periods of time.
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